Os caça-níqueis com tema de dinheiro e recompensas continuam entre os favoritos dos jogadores brasileiros, e não é difícil entender o motivo: visuais chamativos, mecânicas simples e a promessa de multiplicadores generosos criam uma experiência divertida mesmo para quem está começando no mundo dos slots online.
O Сash mania segue essa linha, trazendo um layout colorido, símbolos clássicos de cassino e rodadas bônus que podem aumentar significativamente os ganhos durante a sessão de jogo. A jogabilidade é intuitiva, com controles simples de aposta e giro automático disponíveis para quem prefere um ritmo mais rápido.
A volatilidade do jogo tende a ser moderada, equilibrando ganhos frequentes de menor valor com a chance ocasional de rodadas bônus mais recompensadoras. Isso torna o slot acessível tanto para quem joga por diversão quanto para quem busca sessões mais longas com um saldo controlado.
Como em qualquer jogo de cassino online, é recomendável testar a versão demo antes de apostar dinheiro real, além de verificar se o cassino escolhido para jogar possui licença válida e processos de pagamento transparentes.
On International Women’s Day, Race and Equality Honors the Work of Women Human Rights Defenders
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On International Women’s Day, Race and Equality Honors the Work of Women Human Rights Defenders
To mark March 8, International Women’s
Day, the International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights (Race and
Equality) wishes to highlight the fundamental role played by women human rights
defenders in Latin America and the Caribbean. In a region where rates of sexual
and gender-based violence against women are extremely high and multiple forms
of discrimination are entrenched, women human rights defenders are key in the
fight for the defense of women’s human rights. Likewise, they are at the
vanguard of promoting and protecting the rights of others.
Although the vast majority of countries
in Latin America and the Caribbean have ratified the Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW),[1]
women in the region continue to suffer inequalities that negatively impact
their full enjoyment of human rights. According to the Economic Commission for
Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), more than 3,800 women in 33 countries
in the region were murdered because of their gender in 2019.[2]
This violence stems from structural inequalities which profoundly affect all
women, but especially women members of historically marginalized groups like
Afro-descendants and the LGBTI community. For example, according to the Network
of Afro-Latin American, Afro-Caribbean, and Diaspora Women, Afro-descendant
women are victims of multiple forms of violence, which is often racialized.
Likewise, the current discourse on gender ideology in the region, driven by in
large part by conservative religious groups, has led to more discrimination
against lesbian, bi-sexual, and trans women, as well as more hate crimes and
murders. Finally, poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean, as in other
regions in the world, has a feminine face, as women are less likely to have
access to higher education and work outside of the home than their male
counterparts. When women do work outside of the home, they are paid, on
average, 17% less than men.[3]
All of these factors make the work of women human rights defenders of utmost
importance. But, they are also facing some grave challenges.
In Colombia, where the post-Peace Accord
reality for human rights defenders is startlingly alarming due to the high rate
of murders of defenders and impunity for those murders, women human rights
defenders are among the most vulnerable. As the Office of the United Nations
High Commissioner for Human Rights recently documented, the number of women
human rights defenders killed in Colombia in 2019 increased by 50% over the
2018 number.[4]
Afro-descendant and rural women defenders are at generally greater risk, just
as they suffer greater vulnerabilities in terms of overall enjoyment of their
human rights.
In Cuba, independent women activists are
facing an increase in repression and de facto house arrests, as well as
reprisals and threats against themselves and their family members. Travel
restrictions arbitrarily imposed by the Cuban government routinely prevent
independent activists from participating in advocacy activities outside of the
island and the application of these against women continues to grow.
Furthermore, Cuban women are clamoring for an Integral Law against Gender
Violence – a proposal which has been rejected by the National Assembly – and
they continue to face difficulties in accessing decent, well-paying jobs.
In Nicaragua, the crisis that began in
April 2018 has had a profound impact on women. Women human rights defenders,
such as the Mothers of April, have played an important role in the opposition
movement, as many have lost their children to the violence of the crisis. There
has also been an overall increase in violence against women and femicides, as a
result of the crisis. Furthermore, women in Nicaragua also face
disproportionate economic consequences due to the crisis, as many have been
left as heads of households, with male family members killed, imprisoned, or
fired from their jobs because of their political ties.
In Brazil, the situation of violence
against women is extremely concerning, especially against Afro-descendant and
trans women. Our partners have documented that in the first two months of the
year 38 trans women have been killed in the country.[5]
This high level of violence makes the work of women human rights defenders –
especially those working on behalf of diverse communities of women – all the
more difficult and important.
Race and Equality calls on all Latin
American and Caribbean States to honor the human rights commitments they have
made under CEDAW and other applicable international human rights treaties, to
respect and protect the rights of women. We likewise reiterate our support for
women human rights defenders, especially those of our partner organizations and
in the countries where we work, who so courageously and tirelessly fight to
promote and defend the rights of women and others in the region on a daily
basis. We thank you and assure you that you are not alone in your work towards
a safer, more just, and equitable society for all.
Cuban Institute for Radio and Televsion censors same-sex kiss
On February 29, the Cuban TV program Pensando en 3D (Thinking
in 3D) showed the film Love, Simon, which tells the story of a gay
teenager who falls in love with a classmate. Over the course of the film, Simon
learns to accept his sexual orientation and comes out as gay to his friends and
family. Despite the film’s core message of acceptance, Pensando en 3D censored
the climactic scene in which Simon, played by Nick Robinson, shares a kiss with
Bram (Josh Duhamel).
Across social media, the Cuban LGBTI community expressed
shock and indignation at this censorship. Activsts called for a public protest
in front of the Cuban Institute for Radio and Television (ICRT, in Spanish),
located in the Vedado neighborhood of Havana, on Sunday, March 1st. The
“kiss-in” protest aimed to reject this stigmatization of LGBTI love, call for
an apology from the Institute and demand another showing of the film without
censorship.
Yadiel Cepero, an activist from Matanzas province, led the
charge for the kiss-in and told Race and Equality that debate about the
censorship and the LGBTI community’s demands took place across Cuban social
media. As March 1st approached, several activists received threats of harm if
they attended the protest. Despite these threats, and knowing that Cuban State
Security would seek to break up the protest, LGBTI activists set out to
assemble in front of the Institute.
Jancel Moreno, who planned to report on the kiss-in for
Cuba’s independent media, was intercepted by two officers on the road to
Havana. According to Moreno, “two men calling themselves Lieutenants Alejandro
and David told me to come with them. They held me in a building off the road
between Matanzas and Bacunayagua bridge for several hours to prevent me from
reaching Havana.”
Also on Sunday, the activist and artist Luis Manuel Otero
Alcántara, who was also preparing to attend, posted on social media: “I am
surrounded by political police trying to prevent me from going to the kiss-in
outside ICRT, but I’ll see everyone there!” His partner, the activist Claudia
Genlui Hidalgo, was struck by police officers as she tried to prevent them from
detaining Luis Manuel.
The same day, the ICRT posted a statement on their website
apologizing for the censorship:
“In response to this mistake, a review was
conducted with the employees who edited the scene. The omission of the scene
did not stem from any homophobic positions on the part of the ICRT or the
leadership of Cuban Television, as some have implied on social media.”
TheICRT also decided to re-broadcast the film next
Saturday, with the kiss scene included. Energy for the kiss-in dispersed after
the apology, but some activists chose to persist, stating that the protest was
about more than the particular scene.
As the protest grew closer, LGBTI activist and director of
the independent outlet Tremenda Nota Maykel González Vivero received a
threat from a social media user calling himself Elpidio Valdés. The message
read, “let’s see if you can even make it out of your cheap house.”
González Vivero, another independent journalist, wrote on
his Facebook page that the kiss-in had been cancelled due to the ICRT’s
apology, but others stated that ICRT leadership should be pushed to disseminate
the apology over the airwaves. Around twenty activists eventually assembled in
Vedado, where State Security and police officers were already waiting. Local
buildings had also been decoated with Cuban flags and posters with
Revolutionary imagery.
Cuba’s LGBTI community remains outraged at the censorship,
which is merely the latest incident of Cuban TV programming giving offense to
LGBTI people and members of racial minorities. We call upon the Cuban state to
respect its internatinoal commitments to cease discrimination against LGBTI
people among public officials and to educate all Cubans about the human rights
of LGBTI persons.
Race and Equality – on the occasion of its fifth anniversary – holds reception acknowledging Mexico’s ratification of the Inter-American Conventions against Racism and against Discrimination
Washington, D.C., February 19,
2020. The International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights (Race
and Equality) recognized the United Mexican States for its ratification of the
Inter-American Convention against Racism, Racial Discrimination and Related
Forms of Intolerance and the Inter-American Convention Against All Forms of
Discrimination and Intolerance, during a reception held this past February 13
at the Art Museum of the Americas (AMA). The event also marked Race and
Equality’s fifth anniversary of working for human rights in the Americas and featured
the presence of the diplomatic mission of Mexico to the Organization of
American States (OAS).
The reception gathered together
various ambassadors and representatives of OAS Member States with members of
DC-based NGOs. It also featured the participation of Luz Elena Baños, the
illustrious Ambassador of Mexico to the OAS, and Esmeralda Arosemena de
Troitiño, the President of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
(IACHR).
In her remarks, Ambassador Baños signaled
the importance to the current government of Mexico of working alongside
historically vulnerable communities and making use of the tools necessary to
guarantee respect, integrity and dignity for all people regardless of their race,
gender or sexual orientation, among others. “In this context, through the
OAS and, in particular, through the [established] rights of Lesbian, Gay,
Bi-sexual, Trans and Intersex (LGBTI) people, we reiterate our commitment to
ensuring that all people may exercise their right to a life free from
discrimination and violence.”
Ms. Mitzi Bowen and Mr. Carlos
Quesada of Race and Equality signaled the importance of ratifying these two
conventions to address the discrimination that the Afro-descendant and
indigenous population face in Mexico. Similarly, they commended the leadership
of the Mexican government in ratifying the Inter-American Convention Against
All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance, as it allows for the Convention to
enter into full force in the region, giving voice to many sectors of society
that suffer from discrimination and intolerance because of their sex, sexual
orientation, political opinions, migration status, birth or stigmatized health condition,
etc.
Mexico is currently working
towards eradicating any and all forms of discrimination. The ratification of
both Conventions is another example of the many actions taken by the leadership
in favor of ethnic groups and other vulnerable populations.
Mexico is the fifth country of
the region to ratify the Inter-American Convention against Racism, Racial
Discrimination and Related Forms of Intolerance, and the second to ratify the
Inter-American Convention Against All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance.
Race and Equality congratulates
the United Mexican States once more and hopes to continue working alongside
ethnic and LGBTI partners to contribute to the development of a more inclusive
Mexico, free from discrimination.
Race and Equality celebrates the appointment of Trans people to public office in Colombia and condemns acts of discrimination based on gender and sexual orientation
On December 26, 2019, the mayor-elect
of Manizales, a city in the Colombian department of Caldas, announced
that the well-known trans activist Matilda Gonzalez would lead
the city’s Office of Women’s and Gender Affairs. Gonzalez holds a law
degree from the University of the Andes and a Master of Laws in international law
from American University. She has worked for the Inter-American
Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)’s Rapporteurship on the Rights of LGBTI People, the
LGBTI rights organization Colombia Diversa and the Office of Childhood
and Adolescence in the Colombian Family Welfare Institute. In addition,
she has consulted for the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and
Intersex Association (ILGA) and for the International Network of Civil
Liberties Organizations (INCLO).
In another groundbreaking
appointment, the mayor-elect of Bogotá recently named Deysi Johana Olarte
Navarro as the city’s Deputy Director of LGBTI Affairs. As a political
scientist at the National University of Colombia, Deisy studied gender-based
violence, national and international policies on transgender issues.
She is also recognized for her extensive career as a grassroots activist, working
with trans people in Kennedy, Ciudad Bolívar and
Santa Fe, which are all among Bogotá’s most marginalized areas.
In Colombia, transgender people
not only suffer daily acts of direct violence and discrimination but also face prejudices
that limit their access to work, education, and health.
In turn, they suffer criminalization, segregation, marginalization,
and poverty. The appointments of these trans women represent breakthroughs
for equity, diversity, and inclusion. As directors of important public
bodies, Ms. Gonzalez and Ms. Olarte will have the power to formulate and
implement public policies that seek to guarantee the rights of women
and LGBTI people. Race and Equality celebrates and encourages
the appointment of people with diverse gender identities to
executive positions. Such appointments are an opportunity to transform society’s
image of what is possible, put the human right to political
participation into practice, and advance the rights of the entire LGBTI
population in Colombia.
However, there is still much to
do. Conservative groups in Manizales responded to Ms. Gonzalez appointment
with a campaign that filed more than 2,500 petitions to the Mayor’s Office
asking for her dismissal.[1]
The groups claim that Matilda is not suitable for the role because
she was not ‘born biologically as a woman,’ a discriminatory argument ignoring
the reality that there are many different possibilities for gender
identity. Women’s life experiences, including their experiences of gender,
are all different, making it impossible to judge their gender based only on the
sex assigned to them at birth. Several bodies, including the Colombian Constitutional
Court,[2]
have recognized that a person’s internal and individual experience of
gender differs from biological sex and that an environment which prevents
someone from expressing their gender identity violates their dignity and their
right to freedom of expression.
Race and Equality rejects any
form of discrimination that seeks to limit the rights of transgender people and
urges national, regional, and local leaders to appoint people of
diverse sexual orientations and gender identities to public office, especially to
the offices responsible for promoting and guaranteeing the rights of the LGBTI
population.
[2]See Colombian Constitutional Court decisions T-143
(2018), T-804 (2014), T-363 (2016), T-476 (2014) and T-562 (2013), among
others.
Five years working towards inclusion, equality, and diversity in Latin America”
Five years after the founding of the International Institute
on Race, Equality and Human Rights (Race and Equality), it is valuable to take
a step back and revisit our beginnings, the work we have done and how it has
changed, the achievements we have made and the challenges that still face us.
In November 2014, an opportunity arose to create a new
organization dedicated to fighting racial discrimination and discrimination
based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Two months later, in January
2015, Race and Equality was born. To this day, we are the only organization in
the region addressing these two issues and bringing a lens of Afro-LGBTQ
intersectionality before the Inter-American and universal human rights systems.
Five years ago, we began working in Washington, D.C. with
eight counterpart organizations in Cuba, Colombia, Brazil and Peru. Today, our
team includes twenty-five people in Washington, Bogota and Geneva, collaborating
with over fifty partners in eight countries through organizational partnerships
and contractual agreements. Today, we work not only on issues of
discrimination, but have expanded to address violations of civil and political
rights, especially in Cuba and Nicaragua, and to assist with the integration of
racial and ethnic data into national census processes, as we have done in
Panama, Peru and Mexico.
Race and Equality’s methodology emphasizes building the
capacity of our partners so that they can utilize both the Inter-American and
universal human rights systems. We have helped our partners become familiar
with regional and international human rights protection mechanisms and learn to
utilize them. In this model, we work behind the scenes to support our partners,
who are the protagonists and the drivers of change.
In the Inter-American system, we have supported local organizations
so that they can take part in thematic hearings of the Inter-American
Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the General Assembly of the Organization
of American States (OAS), document and denounce human rights violations and
raise awareness about the issues facing the Afro-LGBT population. We work
closely with the IACHR’s Rapporteurship on Persons of African Descent. We have
secured precautionary measures from the IACHR for partners in Cuba, Colombia
and Nicaragua and provisional measures from the Inter-American Court of Human
Rights for partners in Nicaragua.
In the universal system, we have facilitated the
participation of activists from the entire region in United Nations mechanisms
where they can advocate first-hand for their rights and the rights of their
communities. Our partners have engaged with High Commissioner for Human Rights
Michelle Bachelet, the Universal Period Review (UPR) process and country
reviews by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD).
We have responded to the severe human rights crisis that has
gripped Nicaragua since April 2018 by providing technical support for the documentation
of human rights violations, shining a spotlight on the situation of political
prisoners and organizing meetings between local activists and international
human rights actors. In Cuba, we continue to highlight the constant rights
violations that our partners suffer solely because of their beliefs and to push
for the Cuban government to honor its international obligations. In Colombia,
we are working to monitor the implementation of the Ethnic Chapter of the Peace
Accords and the situation of the Afro-LGBTQ community, in light of the
persistence of violence and the crisis of killings of social leaders.
One of our proudest achievements during these last five
years was the ratification of the Inter-American Convention against Racism,
Racial Discrimination and Related Forms of Intolerance by Costa Rica and
Uruguay. These two ratifications allowed the Convention to come into effect.
We continue to grow as an organization, although
unfortunately we do so for all the wrong reasons: the situation for human rights
across Latin America is concerning. Over the last five years, racial
discrimination has worsened in across the region. Leaders are legitimizing
racist, homophobic and transphobic discourse, putting under threat the rights
that marginalized people won in the previous 10-15 years. Backsliding on civil
and political rights is evident in recent events in Nicaragua, Venezuela,
Colombia, Cuba, Brazil and Chile, to mention only a few. Despite these many
challenges, we are confident that Race and Equality is well-positioned to offer
technical assistance to our partners and continue making the human rights
situation in the region visible on the international stage.
I want to thank everyone who has trusted us and trusted in
our abilities: our partners and especially our donors, whose support allows us
to confront human rights violations effectively and efficiently.
Carlos Quesada Executive Director International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights
Race and Equality coordinates academic visit of UN Independent Expert on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Victor Madrigal.
The UN Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, Mr. Victor Madrigal, will make an academic visit to Brazil, which will be coordinated by the International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights. (Race and Equality), January 20-25, to disclose the scope of the mandate to LGBTI civil society organizations.
As part of this visit, the Independent Expert will partake in two panel discussions on the problems and difficulties of this population in relation to the international standards of human rights. These two events will include a dialogue between LGBTI leaders and the Independent Expert, who will talk about the working tools and mechanisms available to them, as well as how these tools interact with the exercise and guarantees of the fundamental rights of civil society.
Race and Equality organized these events through collaboration with LGBTI civil society organizations.
January 22, 2020 Dialogue: “Afro-LGBTI Resistance – Intersectional Perspectives for the Human Rights Struggle” Confirm your presence here
January 22, 2020 Dialogue: Visibility in times of hate: Challenges for trans inclusion in the multilateral human rights agenda Confirm your presence here
91 political prisoners are released in Nicaragua, but harassment continues
Washington DC, January 9, 2020. On December 30th, the
Nicaraguan government released 91 political prisoners who had been detained in
prisons across the country for anywhere from two to eighteen months. Among the
released were sixteen activists arrested for bringing water to a group of prisoners’
mothers who were staging a hunger strike to demand the release of their
children.
The move was announced as pressure grows in
Nicaragua and internationally for the liberation of political prisoners. The government
allowed the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Office of the Nicaraguan
Human Rights Ombudsman and the Apostolic Nuncio of Nicaragua, Waldemar
Sommertag, to take part in the process.
Political prisoners were transferred to their
homes and placed under house arrest, according to the Nicaraguan authorities. As
a result, they still have judicial proceedings pending against them and
restrictions on their movement.
The 16 activists known as the “water carriers”
denounced on Wednesday that their judicial process was “completely irregular
and marked by a series of restrictions which make it very clear that we
continue to be treated as guilty, although we have not been judged.” Their
trial is scheduled for January 30.
According to data from the Nicaraguan Center
for Human Rights (CENIDH, by its Spanish acronym), among the 91 released, there
are 41 who have already been convicted, 39 who are still being prosecuted and 4
who were detained but never had charges brought against them.
Repression continues
Several former political prisoners have also
reported that since their release, they have been threatened and harassed by
groups linked to the government and police.
The young Belgian-Nicaraguan Amaya Coppens and
her family have suffered several aggressions. On January 1st and 2nd, a group
of men aboard motorcycles threw black oil on the walls of their house in Estelí
and threw stones at their windows. Police have also lurked near the house
constantly since her release.
“The attacks continue on a daily basis. It is
difficult knowing that my family is still victimized, but we are trying to stay
protected as best we can,” Coppens said on Wednesday.
CENIDH requested that the Inter-American
Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) examine the possibility of irreparable
damage to the family’s rights to life and physical integrity. CENIDH also
called for the Commission to urge the State of Nicaragua to cease the
“aggressions and harassment by officials and para-police groups” against the
family.
Last December, the IACHR granted precautionary
measures to Amaya and the other 15 young people detained for bringing water to
the protesting mothers, finding that their life and physical integrity were at
risk in the custody of the Judicial Directorate in Managua.
Other former prisoners, including Roberto
Buchting, have reported constant harassment, including the continuous
surveillance of their homes by para-police groups, threats over social media
and even invasions of their homes with the intent to intimidate them.
Still in prison
After an extensive review of the lists of
released persons, CENIDH confirmed that 65 political prisoners are still to be
released.
“Our commitment to the liberation of all people
and all of Nicaragua is firmer than ever. Despite the fact that a group of 91
people was released on December 30th, there are still more than 65 political
prisoners, including Katherine Martínez and the trans activist Mayela Cruz,” said
the group.
Race and Equality demands the immediate release of all political
prisoners in Nicaragua, the closure of legal proceedings against them and the
cancellation of their criminal records. We call on the authorities to cease
repression, harassment and persecution against those who were arbitrarily
imprisoned. It is essential that their return home is free from any threat or attack
against them or their families.
Human Rights Day: We Remain Committed to the Defense of Human Rights in Latin America
Washington, D.C. December 10, 2019. The International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights today
joins the celebration of International Human Rights Day, which commemorates the
adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations
General Assembly. Seventy-one years after the approval of the document that
marked a milestone in the recognition of the inherent rights of all human beings,
establishing that they should be respected without distinction as to race,
color, religion, sex, language, political opinions, origin, or any other
condition, the Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights (Race and Equality)continues
to advocate for the compliance with and defense of said Declaration.
On this day, we remember that the human
rights situation in Latin America is critical, and therefore, urgent action by
the States is needed to effectively monitor and guarantee the rights of its
citizens, especially those populations that have historically been
marginalized.
In Cuba, we are concerned about the situation of political prisoners and
the harassment and repression against independent activists and journalists.
The case of political prisoner José Daniel Ferrer García, General Coordinator and
founder of the Unión Patriótica de Cuba – UNPACU (Patriotic Union of
Cuba), is alarming, seeing as three months have passed since his arrest, he is
yet to be granted a trial, and he is ill-treated in the cells of the prison in
which he is detained. His situation is especially worrisome because he could have
the same fate as several other independent activists who have been convicted of
common crimes upon expressing their opinions. For example, the Dama de
Blanco (Lady in White) Martha Sánchez is currently in prison under a
sentence of four and a half years. Similarly, the situation of independent
activists and journalists suffering from travel restrictions without any legal justification
is alarming. This violates every Cuban
citizen’s right to freedom of circulation. Regarding this situation, we support
the proposal for a peaceful and symbolic demonstration in favor of the right to
free circulation that will be held this Tuesday at the José Martí International
Airport terminal. We recall that any demonstration or peaceful expression of an
individual constitutes an inalienable right under international law.
In Nicaragua, the serious political and human rights crisis that the
country has been facing for almost 20 months does not seem to improve. Authorities
refuse to respect dissenting voices and continue to violate the human rights of
Nicaraguans, including the right to protest, to free mobilization, and to freedom
of expression and of the press. To date, about 150 prisoners and political
prisoners have been counted, who all go through corrupt trials that lack
constitutional guarantees. Nor have international organizations such as the
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) or the
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) been allowed to return to the
country, while local organizations face persecution and the permanent siege by
police and government-related groups.
In Colombia,
the violence that is experienced after the signing of the Peace Agreement prevents
us from thinking about true progress over the inequalities, marginalization, and
terror that still exist in the Colombian territories. Today, the systematic assassination
of social leaders is one phenomenon that lacerates the integrity of human
rights defenders. According to official figures, approximately 343 homicides of
social leaders were reported between January 2016 and August 2018; however,
civil society organizations report more than 400, of which around 40% were
against Afro-descendant and indigenous leaders. To this is added the
“statistical genocide” that represents the latest results of the population
survey: official figures reported 2.9 million people who recognized themselves
as Afro-descendants in the 2018 Census, at least one million less than reported
in 2005. This month, after two weeks of national strikes and social
mobilizations of the Colombian people that call for immediate and urgent responses
to serious violations of fundamental rights from the State, the breach in the
effective implementation of the Peace Agreement, and the commitments accepted
in matters of truth, justice, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition,
representatives of civil society organizations continue to support the construction
of peace through a peaceful route that makes it possible to come together in
the midst of differences.
Part of the Race and Equality team along with human rights defenders from Latin America.
During 2019, the persistent violence and discrimination against the Afro-LGBTI
population was a problem that was studied more closely by the International
Human Rights Protection Systems. This year a hearing was held before the
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on the situation of the Afro-LGBTI
population in the Americas, with the presence of representatives from Brazil,
Colombia, the Dominican Republic, and Peru. Additionally, the UN Independent
Expert on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI), Victor Madrigal, met
in Colombia with Afro-LGBTI organizations in Cartagena, and Commissioner
Margarette Macaulay visited Afro-LGBTI activists from the Favela de Maré in Rio
de Janeiro in Brazil.
All these activities are framed in a year
in which violence against Afro-LGBTI people has persisted. Brazil
remains the country with the highest number of murders of trans people in the
world. According to current data from the Associação Nacional de Travestis
e Transexuais – ANTRA (National Association of
Trans People) in Brazil at least 106 transgender people were killed in Brazil
until November of 2019. Many of these
victims are Afro-descendant trans women. In other countries such as Colombia
and the Dominican Republic, violence against the Afro-LGBTI population
still persists, with the reoccurrence of many homicide cases. Other expressions
of violence, as in the case of Nicaragua, are strongly associated with a
repressive political and religious context that impacts the lives of LGBTI
activists, even reaching measures such as exile, to avoid arbitrary detentions
and torture.
In Mexico, Panama, and Peru, the incorporation of racial
and ethnic self-identification questions in population and housing censuses
remains a great challenge in the collection of real and permanent statistical
data that reflects the characteristics of the Afro-descendant and indigenous
populations of those States. Civil society organizations have repeatedly
denounced the lack of statistical information on ethnic peoples, stating that
it is due, among other things, to a lack of dialogue and participatory work,
seeking to develop questions of racial self-identification in conjunction with
ethnic communities. On the contrary, the censuses contain questions that lack
context, which means that they are difficult to understand, and this results in
erroneous, incomplete, or not addressed statistical data in them. For this
reason, the creation of government plans, programs, or policies for the benefit
of overcoming this population’s reality of inequality and social injustice are
complex to implement and materialize.
After five
years of the founding of the International Institute on Race, Equality and
Human Rights, we remain committed to the defense of human rights in the region,
especially in the countries where we work: Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, the
Dominican Republic, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru. We continue to work to
promote and protect the human rights of marginalized populations, especially
those due to national or ethnic origin and sexual orientation or gender
identity, in addition to those who think and show distinct opinions. This
December 10, we reaffirm our desire to contribute to the construction of an
equitable society for all based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Police Violence in the Mare Favela: the daily life of a Brazilian trans leader
On the morning of November 19, Brazilian trans activist Gilmara Cunha, president of Grupo Connection G, an organization that works for the LGBTI community in the Complex of Maré (the largest favela complex in Rio de Janeiro), reported on Facebook that her house had been hit with shots at dawn.
The cause of the shooting was one of the police operations that occur in the sector under the pretext of fighting drug trafficking, which has become one of the problems that has most affected the lives of the favela population in Rio de Janeiro.
According to data from the Public Security Institute, from January to August 2019 alone, there were 1,144 deaths caused by police officers[1]. The number is 18.3% higher than data for the same period last year, when there were 967 murders. An analysis by the UOL news site that considered the data for the first half of 2019, showed that of the 881 deaths recorded in police operations to date, occurring in areas controlled by drug trafficking[2].
The current governor of the state of Rio de Janeiro,
Wilson Witzel, was elected in 2018 with a speech backed by the fight against
drug trafficking. In an interview last year, before taking office, Witzel had
already stated that police officers who killed drug traffickers with rifles
should not be held liable “under any circumstances” in a true murder
policy[3].
According to the Maré Vive site, a
communication channel that the community made in collaboration with the Complex
of Maré residents from different parts, and who are observers of the police
operations that occur in the area, the Special Operations Command Police
launched an operation at 4:50 a.m. on November 19, in the Parque Unión, Rubens
Vaz, Tide Park and New Holland neighborhoods, all favelas that make up the Maré
Complex and the poorest in the sector.
At 5:36 in the morning, the Maré Vive page announced that shots were heard to warn people not to leave their homes for their safety.
A few hours later Gilmara Cunha’s publication was made, which showed images of the bullet holes in her house. In the publication, Gilmara states that she is proud to be a travesti and a resident of black neighborhoods and slums, but warns that measures must be taken on the situation of violence experienced by people in the favelas, and that it is necessary to discuss racism as a way to build security policies.
This is not the first time Gilmara Cunha has been affected by police operations. In September of this year, we denounced the case that happened during the 1st LGBTI Culture and Citizenship Festival of Favelas, an event with artistic, political, and professional presentations, organized by Connection G, which interrupted its activities due to a police operation in the Favela of Maré. Two inhabitants were killed during the operation, which lasted approximately 20 hours. People who attended the event had to remain locked up until the shooting ceased. Two days later, during the LGBTI Parade of the Favela da Maré, Gilmara Cunha shouted from the top of the car:
“This
State kills us every day! Stop killing us! We are here claiming lives! We live
these days practically in the midst of violence, where the police entered our
homes, murdered residents, and we cannot allow that to happen! This city is not
a separate city! Maré is part of this city! We cannot accept it as if it were
normal! Enough! Enough! Stop killing our slum population! We are here to claim
rights! Being here today is an act of resistance!
About the Connection G Group
Gilmara Cunha is a national reference in the LGBTI
movement in Brazil. Not surprisingly, on December 8, 2015, she was awarded the
Tiradentes Medal, the highest honor granted by the Legislative Assembly of the
State of Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ in Portuguese) for the services she provided to
the community.
The Connection G Group, chaired by Gilmara, is a civil
society organization that has been working since 2006, with the mission of
fighting for public policies on human rights, health, public education and
security for LGBTI people living in the Favela of Maré. One of them is
“Just like you, I also demand my rights!” The objective is, through
citizenship and rights classes, to promote the human rights of black transgender
women and transvestites in the favelas of Maré and Palmares, to help minimize
violations of their rights and promote respect for their lives.
In August 2019, due to the academic visit by Commissioner
Margarette May Macaulay to Brazil, promoted by Race and Equality, the
Commissioner met the transsexual and transvestite women who participate in this
project in the favela.
At a moving meeting, reports of transvestites who were
threatened and shot by police officers and who were hit on purpose, exposed for
their HIV status in health systems, and many other stories of human rights
violations were heard.
It is remarkable that Connection G performs unique work that
reaches people whose lives and demands are unseen: the LGBTI population of the
poorest neighborhoods.
Race and Equality calls on the Brazilian State to protect
the work of human rights defenders and change the logic with which it acts
towards people of African descent in the slums. We will continue to monitor the
human rights violations of the Afro-LGBTI community in Brazil and will continue
to demand that the Brazilian State respect their lives.
[1] Data
from the Public Security Institute. Available at:
http://www.ispvisualizacao.rj.gov.br/index.html
[2] UOL. La
policía mató a 881 personas en 6 meses en RJ. Ninguno en el área de la
milicia. 20 de agosto de 2019. Available at:
https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2019/08/20/policias-mataram-881-pessoas-em-6-meses-no-rj
-no-in-militia.htm? cmpid = copiaecola
[3] UOL. “La policía apuntará a la
cabecita y … disparará”, dice Wilson Witzel. 1 de noviembre de
2018. Disponible en:
https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/agencia-estado/2018/11/01/a-policia-vai-mirar-na-cabecinha-e-fogo
-firms-wilson-witzel.htm? cmpid = copiaecola
No more impunity! International Transgender Day of Remembrance
On Trans
Remembrance Day, The International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights
(Race and Equality) stands in solidarity with the struggles of trans women
against the various forms of violence they have been victims of, particularly
the violence that has obstructed their lives. The fight against the murder of
trans people must be the fundamental basis of any discussion on the
implementation of policies or recognition of gender identity. This is the most
basic task of all States.
Brazil remains the country with the highest number of trans people murdered in the world. The dossier on murders and violence against transvestites and transsexuals in Brazil of 2018, prepared by the National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals (ANTRA), noted that, in 2018 alone, 163 murders of transgender people occurred, 82% of them black. The largest number of trans people were killed in the state of Rio de Janeiro, with a total of 16 murders. According to current ANTRA data, as of November 11, at least 106 transgender people have been killed in Brazil this year(2019).
Murders of trans
people also occur in all other Latin American and Caribbean countries. The effort of some civil society
organizations to better document this violence has resulted in various regional
observatories that monitor violence throughout the region such as: Sin Violencia LGBT, la Red
Lactrans, and the ILGALAC,
among others. However, these valuable efforts do not replace the duty of States
to adequately register and investigate these acts. The UN Independent Expert on
protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender
identity and gender expression stated in his 2019 report on data collection and
management:
“The breakdown of data that allows comparisons to be made between population groups is part of States’ obligations in the field of human rights, and has become an element of the human rights-based approach to data use.”
Accordingly, we highlight the relevance of not only adequately characterizing violence against the trans population, but also having a better characterization that accounts for their socio-economic situation, educational contexts, and racial characteristics, as it appears that in countries like Brazil, the magnitude of gender identity violence, especially violence against trans people, has had a particular impact on people of African descent.
This task, apart
from being carried out through adequate investigation and prosecution work from
a criminal perspective, must be accompanied by preventive actions in the
different areas of rights protection.
Some actions to adopt include the construction of policies that respond
to the origin of multicausal violence, the prevention of domestic violence due
to gender identity, transphobic bullying in educational settings, adequate
health care with a differential approach, as well as actions of transformation
and openness in work spaces.
From Race and Equality, and in alliance with the civil society organizations with whom we work in the Latin American region, we will continue to demand that integral political States denaturalize violence against trans people, and the oversight of names and lives that also deserve to be lived with full respect for their dignity and full guarantee of their rights.