Os caça-níqueis com tema de dinheiro e recompensas continuam entre os favoritos dos jogadores brasileiros, e não é difícil entender o motivo: visuais chamativos, mecânicas simples e a promessa de multiplicadores generosos criam uma experiência divertida mesmo para quem está começando no mundo dos slots online.
O Сash mania segue essa linha, trazendo um layout colorido, símbolos clássicos de cassino e rodadas bônus que podem aumentar significativamente os ganhos durante a sessão de jogo. A jogabilidade é intuitiva, com controles simples de aposta e giro automático disponíveis para quem prefere um ritmo mais rápido.
A volatilidade do jogo tende a ser moderada, equilibrando ganhos frequentes de menor valor com a chance ocasional de rodadas bônus mais recompensadoras. Isso torna o slot acessível tanto para quem joga por diversão quanto para quem busca sessões mais longas com um saldo controlado.
Como em qualquer jogo de cassino online, é recomendável testar a versão demo antes de apostar dinheiro real, além de verificar se o cassino escolhido para jogar possui licença válida e processos de pagamento transparentes.
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Statement: Organizations demand that the personal integrity of hunger strikers and detainees in Nicaragua is guaranteed
Friday, November 15, 2019 – 13 activists and human
rights defenders were arbitrarily detained on the night of November 14, when
they were providing humanitarian assistance to a group of political prisoners’ mothers, who are
gathered in the San Miguel Arcángel Church in Masaya, Nicaragua.
The arrest was carried out by police and paramilitaries outside the
church. The mothers are gathered in the
Church and are surrounded by police and paramilitaries, which are preventing
anyone from entering or leaving and have besieged the Church, cutting off the
electricity and water service.
The people arrested are Amaya Coppens, Ivania Alvárez, Wendy Juarez, Olga
Valle, Olama Hurtado, José Medina, Hanzel Quintero, Atahualpa Quintero, Neyma
Hernández Jesús Tefel, Roberto Büstching, Derlis Hernández and Melvin Peralta,
who were transferred to the prison facilities of the Direction of Judicial
Assistance “El Chipote” in the early hours of Friday.
The detention at El Chipote is of great concern due to it being notorious for
alleged acts of torture, cruel and degrading treatment, as well as sexual
violence against detainees, a risk that may be heightened due to the fact that
some of them are known members of the opposition, human rights defenders and
former political prisoners.
The situation of the women who remain on hunger strike is equally alarming,
since they are deprived of drinking water. They have not eaten food for almost
24 hours and are without access to water or medications, putting their health
at serious risk.
These events are occurring in a context marked by an increase in hate speech,
attacks and harassment against freed political prisoners, human rights
defenders and media critical of the government.
The undersigned national and international organizations:
1. Demand that the Nicaraguan Government
immediate release the 13 human rights defenders and activists
arbitrarily detained;
2. Put an end to the siege and the harassment against
the political prisoners’ mothers, and restore the electricity and water services
to the San Miguel Church Archangel.
3. We hold the Nicaraguan Government responsible for any impact on the health
and wellbeing of the persons deprived of liberty and the women who are
undergoing the hunger strike.
4. We reiterate our call to the international community to remain alert and act
in the face of the aggravation of the socio-political and human rights crisis
that Nicaragua is experiencing since April 2018, and in view of the
intensification of the persecution and repression faced by activists, organizations,
human rights defenders and political prisoners.
Signatories:
Iniciativa Mesoamericana de Mujeres Defensoras de
Derechos Humanos (IM- Defensoras) – Centro por la Justicia y el Derecho
Internacional (CEJIL) – Plataforma Internacional Contra la Impunidad – Fondo de
Acción Urgente para América Latina y el Caribe (FAU-AL) – Instituto
Internacional sobre Raza, Igualdad y Derechos Humanos (Raza e Igualdad) – JASS
(Asociadas por lo Justo) – Unión de Presas y Presos Políticos Nicaragüenses
– Iniciativa Nicaragüense de Defensoras – Centro Nicaragüense de Derechos
Humanos (CENIDH) – Comité de América Latina y el Caribe para la Defensa de
los Derechos Humanos de las Mujeres (CLADEM) Nicaragua – Oxfam Nicaragua –
Colectivo de Derechos Humanos Nicaragua Nunca más – Ipas Centroamérica –
Centro por la Justicia y Derechos Humanos de la Costa Atlántica de Nicaragua
(CEJUDHCAN) – Convergencia por los Derechos Humanos (CAFCA, CALDH, CIISH, ECAP,
ICCPG, ODHAG, SEDEM, UDEFEGUA, UNAMG), Guatemala – Asociación Red de Jóvenes
para la Incidencia Política INCIDEJOVEN – Defensores Sin Fronteras –
Fundación Puntos de Encuentro Nicaragua – Asociación de Jueces por la
Democracia Honduras – Centro Universitario por la Dignidad y la Justicia
Francisco Suárez, S.J.- Asistencia Legal por los Derchos Humanos A.C.
(ASILEGAL- MÉXICO) – APRODEH-Perú – La Sombrilla Centroamericana – Front Line
Defenders – Centro para la Acción No violenta y Cultura de Paz en
Centroamérica – ProDESC – Articulación de Movimientos Sociales y Sociedad
Civil (AMS) – Asociación de Jóvenes Feministas Ameyalli – Red de Mujeres de
Matagalpa – Feministas Madrid por Nicaragua – Feminista por Nicaragua Euskal
Herria – Colectivo Feminista Ecuador – Agrupación Ciudadana por la
Despenalizacion del aborto – Popol Na Nicaragua – Agrupación de Mujeres Trans
y Culturales AMTC – Centro de Investigación y Acción de la Mujer CIAM –
Centro de mujeres ACCIÓN YA – Colectivo de Mujeres de Matagalpa – Campaña 28
de Setiembre por la Despenalización del Aborto – Punto Focal Nicaragua – Red
de Salud de las Mujeres Latinoamericanas y del Caribe. Enlace Nacional
Nicaragua – Mujeres en Acción,Costa Rica – Colectiva Feminista para el
Desarrollo Local – Agrupación Ciudadana por la despenalizacion del aborto –
Red Salvadoreña De Defensoras De Derechos Humanos – Centro de Información y
Servicios de Asesoría en Salud (CISAS) – Concertación Interamericana de
Derechos Humanos de las Mujeres – Colectiva Lupa Feminista – Movimiento
Autónomo de Mujeres – Articulación Feminista de Nicaragua – Fundación
Acceder Costa Rica – Abuenica – Cooperacció – Handmaids Costa Rica – Ni una
menos Costa Rica – Instituto de Liderazgo de las segovias – Coalición Cívica
19 de Abril Matagalpa – Asociación Agentes de Cambio Nicaragua – Nicaragua
Protesta – Activismo Digital Nicaragüense (ADNIC) – Movimiento 19 de Abril
Jinotega – Alianza Civica de Jinotega -Grupo Anonymous de Nicaragua – Comité
Cívico Universitario UCA – REACNIC – Fundenic – Movimiento Estudiantil de
Apoyo a la Democracia – Alianza Universitaria Nicaragüense AUN – Alianza Azul
y Blanco Chichigalpa – Movimiento Nacional Ambientalista Frente a la Mineria
Industrial -Movimiento Sociales de las Segovias – Accion Universitaria – CODENI
– Asociación NicaLibre – Sos Nicaragua Madrid – NicaSeattle – Unidad por los
Exiliados Nicaragüenses en Panama – SosNicaragua Barcelona – SOSNicaragua-
Holanda – Collectif de Solidarité avec le Peuple du Nicaragua -Nicaragua
Karavaan – SosBelgique-Nicaragua – SosNicaragua-Europa – SoyNicaragua en
Zaragoza – Sos Nicaragua España – SosNicaragua Galicia A Coruña –
SOSNicaragua-Sverige – SOS France Nicaragua – Texas Nicaraguan community –
SOSNicaragua Finlandia – Guanared Costa Rica y más.
“The situation of violence against Afro-LGBTI people is invisible and systematic in Latin America” Activists warn the IACHR
Quito,
Ecuador. November 12, 2019. In the thematic hearing held during the 174 period of Hearings of the
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in Quito, Ecuador, LGBTI activists
and Afro-descendants from Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, and Peru
presented on the situation of violence, lack of protection, and lack of
knowledge of their prevailing rights in each of these States.
Throughout the
space, the activists highlighted how Afro-descendants with sexual orientations
and non-normative gender identities are at greater risk of suffering from violations
of their rights, especially by the States’ general lack of knowledge on the
differentiated effects suffered by people living this reality.
Likewise, the activists presented a summary of different cases of murder and violence against transgender people and Afro-descendants, especially those committed with a high degree of cruelty and hatred; in addition to remaining completely unpunished.
Bruna Benavides, ANTRA activist
“In
January of this year, in Brazil, a trans woman had her heart torn out and then replaced
by the image of a saint. Her murderer was acquitted of the charge, even though
he narrated in great detail how he had killed her and kept her heart at home
with a smile on his face,” said Afro-Brazilian activist Bruna Benavides, a
member of the National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals, or ANTRA in
Brazil.
According to
information given by Benavides, this year alone, 110 trans people were killed
in Brazil, 85% of them black. Likewise, the activist reported that 90% of the
population of transvestites and trans women in this country are engaged in
prostitution due to the lack of job opportunities.
Furthermore, she
pointed out that this group of people are recurring victims of different State
institutions due to the inaccessibility of appropriate healthcare services and
of fair employment opportunities and recognition, as well as having a lack of respect
for their identities. In this regard, Benavides added ,“… today we
are afraid to walk the streets again, and as a defender of human rights, I do
not feel safe despite the progress we have made because our leaders have common
policies of racist hatred , male chauvinism…”
In this order, the leader Justo Arevalo representative of the Colombian organizations Arco Iris de Tumaco, the National Conference of Afro-Colombian Organizations (CNOA), and Somos Identidad, highlighted that contexts of rejection, violence, and discrimination within these communities towards people who assume a non-normative sexual orientation or gender identity create other types of cyclical and systemic violence that threaten the integrity of AfroLGBTI people. An example of this is in Colombia, where there is forced displacement towards cities that sharpen the circles of violence in which these people live.
Justo Arevalo, Colombian activist
“In March
of 2019, a report on the realities experienced by Afro-LGBTI people was filed
in Bogotá before the Jurisdiction for Peace, whose main findings show that
documented violence and impact are blocked by very racial and class-particular
relations, typical of the sociocultural, economic, and political environment in
which they occur, prejudice as a factor of violence, and the responsibility of
illegal armed actors in the face of serious violations of rights against Afro LGBT
people, “Arevalo
added in his speech.
Belén Zapata, an
Afro-descendant trans activist from Peru, alerted the audience of the impact
that police abuse has on the lives of Afro-descendant and transvestite people,
highlighting that it sets a pattern of deep violence against their right to
personal integrity in countries like Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, the Dominican
Republic, and Peru.
Likewise, the
activist referred to the access of healthcare services by trans-descendant
Afro-descendant women in the region, which is characterized in its generality
for not being efficient or worthy of use by this population.
In this regard,
the activist added: “There are still cases in which medical personnel
offer inadequate and/or improper care to Afro-descendant transgender women.
This pattern is particularly serious in cases of care for Afro-descendant
transgender women who perform sex work and are taken in for injuries as a
result of physical aggressions. But also, in cases where the request for other
services is related to reproductive health or HIV / AIDS. “
Violation of
the rights of Afro-LGBTI people is systematic
“As long
as we avoid highlighting the intersection between race and sexual diversity, we
will continue to perpetuate a system that makes the Afro-descendant LGBTI
community invisible; we will continue to have legal structures, public policies,
and government institutions that do not protect or guarantee the human rights
of the Afro LGBTI population,” added Katherine Ventura, representative of the American University Legal
Clinic. She also pointed out that there are patterns of violence that are
particular to the Afro-LGBTI population, naming three: 1) Absence of rights’
guarantees focused on the Afro-LGBTI community; 2) Lack of implementation of
existing laws and 3) Inadequate data collection, particularly in criminal
investigation processes against Afro-LGBTI people.
On this matter,
the Commissioners of the IACHR indicated the responsibility of the States to
collect data, generate policies, and promote processes that guarantee the reparation,
respect, and recognition of the rights of Afro-LGBTI people. In this regard, Commissioner
Margarette May Macaulay urged States to ratify the Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination as an alternative that seeks to
address the issues of Afro-descendants with sexual orientations and
non-normative gender identities.
To finalize the hearing, the organizations requested that the IACHR to urge the States of Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, and Peru to:
1. Urgently investigate cases of homicide and police abuse that
involve Afro-LGBTI persons and, consequently, register and characterize them
properly.
2. Implement the recommendations of the Afro-LGBTI
population that this Commission has made since 2015, particularly those focused
on the development of public policies that explicitly include the Afro-LGBTI
population.
3. As part of the fulfillment of the objectives proposed in
the Decade of Afro-descendants 2015-2024, the Afro-LGBTI population should be
included as a beneficiary of justice and development-oriented measures in the
region, and it should be requested that all states comply with the
recommendations of the Inter-American Commission regarding the importance of
providing differentiated data on sexual orientation and gender identity.
4. Suggest the ratification of the Inter-American Convention
against Racism, Racial Discrimination and Related Intolerances and the
Inter-American Convention against All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance
to all States.
5. That the Inter-American Commission publish the report of the on-site visit to Brazil in 2018 and the rapporteur on the rights of Afro-descendants and racial discrimination visit Brazil to better know the situation of the Afro-LGBTI population, with effective participation of civil society organizations.
XXIII National Meeting of the National Association of Travestis and Transsexuals(ANTRA): “Addressing Prejudice and Stigma with Combined HIV Prevention”
Last week, October 28-31, the 23rd national meeting of the National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals (ANTRA) took place, a network of Brazilian trans organizations working to promote the rights of transgender people. The meeting’s theme was “Addressing Prejudice and Stigma with Combined HIV Prevention,” and was attended by around 60 trans activists representing all 21 states of Brazil.
Pitty Barbosa, ANTRA activist
The meeting took
place in the city of Tapes, 108km from Porto Alegre, capital of the state of Rio
Grande do Sul. The option of holding the national meeting outside of the main
metropolitan areas of the country was due to the great invisibility of human
rights violations that occur far from large urban centers where all major
events occur. Indeed, during the meeting, many activists reported their
precarious conditions for reporting human rights violations and for giving
visibility to the murders that occur without any media coverage.
“Throughout Brazil, inland cities are largely abandoned by all LGBTI policy managers and portfolios. We must have a more direct and incisive look at this population which is so devoid of rights. This is why we need to do more actions outside of the principal cities. ” Pitty Barbosa, from the city of Iguaíba which is located in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, affiliated with ANTRA
Due to a lack of
resources, the meeting did not happen two years ago. Besides this, unlike in
other years in which it was possible to hold regional meetings prior to the
national ones, there were no resources or structure to hold the regional
meetings, which made it impossible to gain a deeper understanding before the
debates.
HIV epidemic in Brazil
Brazil is
currently experiencing a new HIV epidemic. According to the latest data from
the epidemiological bulletin released annually by the Ministry of Health,
between 2007 and 2017, the number of young people infected with HIV jumped from
1,320 to 10,618, a growth of about 700%.
However, the alarming increase in the number of cases of HIV infections, AIDS illness and deaths due to opportunistic diseases has not reached all sections of the population in a homogeneous way. AIDS in Brazil has class, race, gender and sexuality.
For example, by
analyzing data on race / color and gender categories over the past 10 years for
AIDS deaths, major discrepancies are observed. While, in the last 10 years,
white men and women have experienced a large reduction in the number of deaths
from 5461 in 2007 to 4352 in 2017, the same has not happened for the black
population. In 2007 there were 5111 deaths of black men and women, while in
2017 the number rose to 6699.
A similar
movement is observed if we look at infections by sexuality. In 2007
heterosexual men accounted for 46.7% (1230) of those exposed to HIV in Brazil,
and in 2017 they represented 34.1% (9027). Men who have sex with men, in turn,
went from 45% (1569) to 63.3% (16633) in the same time period, becoming a large
majority, and showing that there was a failure in prevention.
Representatives
of the Ministry of Health who attended the ANTRA meeting mentioned a recently
commissioned survey by the Ministry that estimated that today about 40% of
Brazil’s population of transvestites and transgender women live with HIV.
However, throughout the epidemiological bulletin, there is no mention of
transgender people.
This
unfeasibility reveals how cis-heteronormativity is positioned as the universal
parameter of Brazilian institutions, which are not committed to the lives of
trans people in the country.
This is because transvestites and transgender women are, as a rule, allocated to the category of “men who have sex with men” unless, in theory, they have been able to rectify their name and sex on the civil registry.
In any case, the ANTRA meeting was an opportunity for the various activists who were present to learn, on one hand, about the mechanisms of combined HIV prevention, asking which strategies make the most sense for the reality of transvestites and transsexuals, who do not have the same level of information and access to state resources as cis white gay men living in urban centers.
Also, several difficulties that this population faces in their day-to-day life concerning the healthcare system were shared, such as: people who had their serology exposed to their communities, doctors who missed their appointments on the day that their viral load would occur, health professionals who did not have the antiretroviral drug on the day they should get the drugs, among many other things that have an impact on transvestites and transgender women’s ability to gain access to HIV treatment in Brazil. At a time when the fundamentalist conservatism that has been growing in Brazil has been trying to curb HIV prevention campaigns so as not to “sexualize” young people, the organizations that attended the ANTRA meeting were unanimous about the need for support for prevention policies that can come through, directly to the population that needs it the most.
The lives of transgender people cannot be set aside. Race and Equality remains committed to supporting organizations working to combat racism, machismo, and LGBTI phobia in the country, also when expressed at an institutional dimension. We congratulate the National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals for the event, and call on the Brazilian State to promote specifics aimed at facing the HIV / AIDS epidemic at a time when the black, LGBT, and especially the trans population has been so hit by this epidemic.
Autor: Isaac Porto, Consultor LGBTI de Raza e Igualdad en Brasil
Race and Equality demands effective medical care for the Cuban activist Xiomara Cruz Miranda
Photo: Radio Martí
The International Institute on Race, Equality and Human
Rights (Race & Equality) expresses grave concern regarding the health of Cuban
activist Xiomara Cruz Miranda, whose condition has worsened in recent days
while she awaits a firm diagnosis. Her situation is all the more concerning
given that she should be benefiting from the precautionary measures granted to
her by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
According to reporting from the independent media outlet Diario
de Cuba and the testimony of her family members, Xiomara Cruz’s status
remains delicate and uncertain. “She continues to be very debilitated, with
constant fevers and severe muscle pains. Her doctors are giving her daily
medications and running tests, but they still give vague answers to our
questions and do not give us any written documents,” according to one of
her family members.
At first, doctors believed that Xiomara suffered from
tuberculosis; she has received tuberculosis treatments throughout her time in
the hospital. However, tuberculosis tests conducted in early August showed
negative results. According to a statement in Diario de Cuba by
Xiomara’s daughter Clara Iznaga, the doctors could not explain this result and “they
do not understand why she continues to have these pains…The doctors change
their opinions and never give a clear answer. One day it is tuberculosis, the
next day it is lung cancer. Although they have run several tests, they have
never shown the results to the family, which is why we really do not trust the
doctors.”
Although some press sources have reported that Xiomara will
be sent home now that she is no longer believed to be contagious with
tuberculosis, Cuban activists report that she will actually be transferred to
another hospital to be tested for cancer. Doctors raised the possibility of
lung cancer early in Xiomara’s ordeal and subsequently ruled it out, but her
family members are now re-considering the possibility as they still cannot find
any explanations for her continued illness.
“What they’re doing is putting us through a labyrinth,” said
one family member regarding officials’ non-committal and negligent treatment of
Xiomara and her family, noting that doctors have not yet addressed a third
possible diagnosis of non-tuberculosis bacterial lung infection.
As Diario de Cuba reports, Cruz Miranda was sentenced
to one year and four months in prison for her supposed crime of “threats.” She
began her sentence in the El Guatao women’s prison and was later sent to Ciego
de Ávila, where she was hospitalized with skin lesions and other symptoms that
have only worsened over time.
In July of this year she was transferred to Havana for
treatment in La Covadonga hospital (where she remained under custody). At the
end of July, she was rushed to intensive care with low hemoglobin, fatty liver,
fluid in her lungs, shortness of breath and a high red blood cell count along
with the same skin condition.
Race & Equality insists that the Cuban state guarantee
Xiomara’s right to health by prioritizing and delivering the medical attention
that she needs. Although Xiomara was perfectly healthy upon being taken into
custody, her life is now in danger. She is suffering from daily fevers, has
lost weight and is very weak. Medical negligence and blatant violations of
Xiomara’s rights to life, health and dignified treatment are obvious given
these facts. We urge the international community to speak out regarding the
serious danger to the activist and rights defender’s life.
The struggles of being Transgender and Afro-descendant in Colombia
The Trans Support and Action
Group Foundation (GAAT, for its initials in Spanish), in partnership with
ICASO, carried out the event “Transcending Barriers: Rights and full
citizenship for people with experience of trans life” from the 16th
to the 19th of September 2019. This event was attended by trans
activists from eleven different regions of Colombia that met in Bogotá to
discuss how their human rights are being guaranteed, what are the barriers they
struggle with to access services, and how to create some strategies to overcome
these challenges.
The event was also attended by
five Afro-descendant activists with diverse sexual orientations and gender
identities -four trans women and a non-binary person- from the departments of
Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Atlántico, Chocó and the municipality of Montes de
María; who addressed their reflections from the experiences that frame their
reality as Afro-trans people living in Colombia.
Among the comments highlighted by the activists was the latent discrimination they live with in their territories, generated by barriers to access to different rights such as health, education, and work.
“… the Constitutional Court ruled that trans people who wanted legal recognition of their gender identity in their EPS could do it, and this issue is still a complication in the territory…” Afro-trans Chocó activist.
“… In hospitals as elsewhere, there is not yet a focus on differential care for trans men and trans women. So, that makes (going to) the doctor a complete torture, […] the treatments that one can already follow, but then they give you a lot of obstacles and paperwork, and in such a way that finally you get tired and don’t go to receive your hormones, or go to the doctor at all… ” Afro trans non-binary activist from Valle del Cauca.
The activists also denounced teachers
and classmates who use strong dynamics of discrimination in educational spaces;
in addition, they stated that there are policies that deny the gender identity
of diverse people, because authorities refuse to issue official documents with
the identifying names of those people.
Regarding the guarantees of
access to work, the leaders expressed that there are no labor inclusion
policies for trans people, therefore, they are not even interviewed for the
positions they aspire to have, or there are more requirements imposed on them –
such as the completion of multiple courses – to delay their applications.
“… Work for transgender people in my municipality is very scarce. It is something sad, because there we talk about labor inclusion [but] a trans girl […] just for having her male name on her ID, is called by her masculine name, not by her identifying name […] When [whoever is in charge of the job interview] enters, [says] ‘what a shame, the interview cannot be done because you appear under another name’.” Afro trans activist from Montes de María.
“Our race is also a cause of
violence and a factor that generates new dynamics of discrimination and
marginality,” said one of the Afro-trans activists, referring to the
differentiated violence that Afro-descendant women face in comparison to the
rest of the population classified as “mestizo white.” Accordingly, the leaders
referred to a social and state discourse that denies the existence of racism
and systems of structural discrimination by pointing out that racism has
diminished or does not exist. This creates an invisibility of their identities
in official statistics.
“… In the prosecutor’s office or in any other entity, they do not take the time to ask one how one identifies oneself […] I realized this through a process that I took to the prosecutor’s office […] I had the right to say that I am an Afro-descendant trans person. I went to the official, I approached and told him. [He replied:] ‘But you have to understand that everyone is recognized as white or mestizo. There is no Afro.’” Afro trans activist from Montes de María
Structural
racism is also illustrated by the stratification of the territories, where Afro
people inhabit the poorest areas, and those who have a better standard of
living do so through a lot of work or association with mestizo white people.
Because of this situation, there is a lack of the guarantee of rights in places
predominantly inhabited by Afro people. In turn, this barrier is accentuated
when Afro people also have diverse sexual orientations or gender identities
because their violence becomes more complex.
“We could say that you have to take sides, or defend yourself as an afro person, or defend yourself as a diverse person, but not both, impossible, that would be death”. Afro trans activist from the Caribbean.
Systematic forms of psychological violence and discrimination in the territories are other situations that, according to the stories told by the leaders, violate the integrity and rights of Afro-trans people. “Generally, the first thing that is affected is self-esteem, because to understand that they begin to look at you first, to judge you without even knowing you, sometimes simply because of your skin color, that is brutal. And the other thing is that […] you have your hair and you have your afro, and they come to want to touch your hair without asking, that is already violent because they are invading your space and they don’t even ask,” details non-binary Afro trans leader from Valle del Cauca.
Finally,
within their own family, or even in spaces shared with LGBTI people, their
ideas are not validated by their peers in the same way as the ideas of their
white mestizo companions and counterparts.
“If you are black, it is a proposal, but if you are white, the proposal is validated.” GAAT Executive Director.
Given
the various structural problems that undermine and deepen the circles of
poverty, racism, discrimination, and marginalization of Afro people with
diverse sexual identities and orientations, activists pointed out the
importance of creating spaces in the territories that reinforce the ideas of
family building, outside the “traditional-conventional” biological form that
reduces the construction of the family bond to the consanguinity traits of
family members. In addition, they proposed the creation of policies for access
to health, work and education for trans people.
At the same time, they pointed out that the State institutions require pedagogies and trainings regarding the Afro-trans issues with a territorial focus. “These activities must be directed by people who are empathic with the issue in order to create much deeper discussions and lessons,” stressed the activists. They also said that it is important that there is greater empowerment of new Afro-trans leaderships, and pointed out relevant ways that social organizations should strive to create greater spaces of inclusion for Afro people who understand first-hand the specific complexity of their daily lives in the territories.
The
Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights (Race and Equality) was invited by
GAAT to hold a short workshop during the afternoon of September 16th. This
invitation was motivated by the need found by the executive direction of the
organization to incorporate the relationship and intersection of gender
identity with ethnic-racial belonging into the agendas, activisms, and work
with communities. The workshop was composed of a brief reference to the
existence and activities carried out by the Afro-LGBTI Network of Latin America
and the Caribbean, as well as a series of findings from documentary reviews
made by the member organizations of the Network. Thus, we deepened the need for
the incorporation of intersectional approaches in trans activism, referring to
situations in which structural racism, together with the dynamics of prejudice
against LGBTI people, increase the vulnerability of people who find themselves
mostly in contexts of poverty and without protection from the State.
At
Race and Equality, we celebrate the completion of these types of conferences in
which our counterparts can establish working relationships, as well as expand
their relationships, with activisms that work tirelessly for the defense of
transgender rights. . We also highlight
the growing interest and commitment in the visibility and social and political
impact of the rights situation for Afro-LGBTI people. We believe that this type
of interaction is essential for new human rights activists and organizations present
in the different regions of Colombia to start creating intersectional analysis
efforts from their own agendas.
Brazil: 15 Killings of Transgender Persons Reported in September
Transgender people in Brazil continue to be killed at an extremely
concerning rate. According to the National Association of Travestis and
Transexual People (ANTRA), 15 trans people were killed in Brazil in September
alone, an average of one every 48 hours. From January 1 to September 30 of this
year, 89 transgender people have been killed across the country. In the
majority of these killings, evidence of extreme violence is present, as seen in
the following examples:
On
September 15, the body of 26-year-old travesti Bruna Torres was
discovered in the state of Sao Paulo.[1]
Bruna’s throat had been slit while her hands and feet were tied.
On
September 20, the body of Médely Razard, a 15-year-old transgender girl, was
found in a wooded area in the Sao Paulo metro area. Médely was found with a gag
in her mouth and signs of physical trauma. The police concluded that she was
sexually assaulted and killed by strangulation with a cord.
The body of
travesti Junia Bispo was found on September 29 in Uberlândia, Minas
Gerais, showing various signs of a violent attack including thirteen stab
wounds.
In August of this year, as ANTRA submitted the report Killings
and Violence Against Travestis and Transsexual People in Brazil: 2018 to
Inter-American Human Rights Commissioner Margarette May Macaulay, the
organization’s Secretary of Political Relations Bruna Benevides said:
“This dossier is stained with blood and based above all on a cry for help. What more can we do as institutions, companions, organizations and movements to prevent other travestis, trans women and men and non-binary people from being killed for who they are?”
More transgender people are killed in Brazil than in any
other country, with 163 such cases recorded in 2018. It is clear that trans people
in Brazil live in a context of great violence and that the Brazilian state is
not achieving, or even seeking to achieve, protection of trans people’s lives.
As Brazil experiences a serious political backlash against
the LGBTI population, it is essential to bring attention to the danger that
trans people face and their basic struggle to survive. As part of Race and
Equality’s continued commitment to equality and justice, we call upon the
Brazilian state to investigate these deaths and guarantee that all Brazilians
can freely express their sexual orientation and gender identity.
[1]Travesti
is a category of gender identity frequently used in Latin American
countries. It describes a person who is assigned a male gender at birth and
assumes a feminine gender role, sometimes through “feminizing” body
modifications such as hormone therapy, breast implants or silicone injections.
Stop killing us! Grupo Conexão G from Favela da Maré in Brazil
The first-ever LGBTI Culture and Citizenship Festival of the Favelas was held from September 6-8, in the midst of a police operation that lasted almost 20 hours and left two people dead, leading the community of Maré to cry out, “Deixem de nos matar!” [“Stop killing us!”].
Since 2006, Grupo Conexão G has been carrying out vital work in Complexo da Maré, a conglomerate of 19 favelas located in Rio de Janeiro among the city’s main access roads and close to the international airport. In 2010, when the last census was taken by the federal government, Maré had about 130,000 inhabitants.
Maré is one of the most dangerous favelas in Brazil. Completely controlled by drug traffickers, Maré is constantly in a state of warfare among rival gang factions and the police. This logic and mindset of war is perpetuated by a drug-fighting discourse that criminalizes the entire favela population. In a scenario in which this population is systematically denied rights such as health, education, work and leisure, among others, the main relationship between these people and the state is one of violence.
Conexão G was the first organization in Brazil that began working directly and exclusively with the LGBTI population of the favela. Since its birth, the organization has carried out projects aimed at public safety, employability, health, education and culture for the Black LGBTI population. Intersectionality is a key guiding principle of the organization’s work.
In a conversation with Race and Equality, Gilmara Cunha, a transgender woman who is the founder and director of Conexão G, said that when the organization came into existence in 2006, LGBTI people lived in a context of great violence and oppression at the hands of other favela inhabitants – a context that persists to this day:
“At that time, and even today, we were experiencing a lot of violence and oppression from other inhabitants. We could not participate in some spaces, because we were physically and verbally attacked. One of the most memorable moments was when a group of travestis [a Portuguese word describing a variety of feminine gender expressions] went to a place where they were playing samba music, and some people started throwing onions and sticks at us and we had to flee. From there, we thought: ‘something needs to be done to transform this reality and transform the politics of the LGBT movement,’ which was and still is a middle-class movement. At this moment we started coming up with an agenda that could actually attend to and include the favela population, because today’s policies are designed for the middle class and these policies do not reach us”, she said.
As an example, Gilmara cites the recent decision by the country’s Supreme Court to equate homophobia with the crime of racism:
“See, homophobia has been criminalized and equated with the crime of racism. But if we are in this area [the favela] and make a report, the police will not come here. If the police do come, that puts our lives at risk, because everyone knows each other and will know who made the report.”
In fact, in many cases, people that live in favelas are forbidden by traffickers to go to the police if their problems might lead to an investigation, in order to prevent the police from challenging traffickers’ control of their territory.
The 1st LGBT Culture and Citizenship Festival of the Favelas: Marked by Police Aggression
Since 2010, Conexão G has held the Favela da Maré LGBTI Parade every year. This year, besides the Parade, they also held the 1st LGBTI Culture and Citizenship Festival of the Favelas, an event with various components that combined art, culture, fashion, sustainability, politics and entrepreneurship. The activities were held from September 6 to 8, ending with the LGBTI Parade.
However, on the first day of the event, a police operation took place in Favela da Maré. The operation lasted about 20 hours and resulted in two people being killed.
Such police operations are one of the main issues facing Favela da Maré. The current government of Rio de Janeiro has adopted a policy within the favelas that can truly be described as “slaughter,” with police officers shooting indiscriminately from helicopters. As a result, from January to June of this year, 881 people were killed in police operations in Rio de Janeiro state – the highest number in the last 17 years.
The police operation affected the schedule of Conexão G’s event and endangered the attendees
“It is a war that is not against drugs, but against the poor, black and favela population. For example: yesterday there were 2 people murdered, several houses were broken into. This affected our schedule during this week, especially on the first day. There was shooting all the time. We got stuck at the Maré Arts Center and couldn’t leave. This makes me wonder: what kind of state is this that does not consider this space as part of the city? The feeling is not only of fear, but also a feeling that nothing can be done. But we are there in the resistance,” said Gilmara.
Mariah Rafaela, another trans women that works for Conexão G and with the Instituto Transformar, was also present, and said:
“It was terrible. When we realized that the police were entering the favela and we started to hear the sound of gunshots, we were certainly very worried about the physical safety of the people who had come to attend the event. There were many shots and we had to cancel the activities. We closed the gate and we were trapped inside, waiting for the shots to end or to have a short moment to get out of where we were. It is very difficult to carry out this work in Maré, but we will continue to persist.”
For this reason, the Favela LGBTI Parade, held on September 8, was marked by demands against police violence. Gilmara Cunha proclaimed:
“This state kills us every day! Stop killing us! We are here claiming for lives! We lived for these days practically in total violence, where police entered our homes, murdered inhabitants, and we cannot allow that to happen! Maré is part of this city! We can’t accept it as if it was normal! Enough! Stop! Stop killing our poor, favela population! We are here to claim rights! Being here today is an act of resistance!”
Gilmara Cunha also reported that, given the Brazilian political scenario, this will be the last year that the Favela da Maré Parade is held. “For now, it’s the last parade. God only knows what the scenario will be like next year”, she said.
Race and Equality recognizes that the lives of the LGBTI favela’s population requires special attention and visibility and congratulates Conexão G for their courageous action in the face of the great context of violence in Brazil’s favelas.
We will continue to work for the documentation, visibility and denunciation of the human rights situation of the black and marginalized LGBTI population in Brazil, and we demand that the Brazilian State guarantee the right of this population and also guarantee the necessary security for Conexão G’s work in Favela da Maré.
We condemn aggresion against transgender activist in Nicaragua and demand an exhaustive investigation
The International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights (Race and Equality) and the Colombian organization Caribe Afirmativo (Affirmative Caribbean) condemn the attack against Ludwika Vega, a trans woman who serves as coordinator of the Asociación Nicaragüense de Transgeneras (ANIT – Transgender Association of Nicaragua), and demand that authorities carry out a thorough investigation of the incident.
According to information received by Race and Equality, two men riding a motorcycle arrived at ANIT’s office in Managua around 8:00pm on Tuesday, September 10th and found Ludwika alone there. The men struck her with a stone, knocking out teeth and drawing blood. They proceeded to attack her with a sharp object, causing her five injuries: one to her chest, three to her back and one to her side. The perpetrators also stole Ludwika’s laptop computer and handbag.
After the attack, Ludwika was taken to a hospital and is now in recovery from her injuries.
ANIT is an organization that works to promote and defend the rights of transgender women through educational programs on human rights and through advocacy work in various fora.
Ludwika has been a crucial ally to Caribe Afirmativo during the organization’s Enterezas II [“strength of character”] program, which investigates gender-based violence and hate crimes against lesbian and bisexual women. She has built networks with lesbian, bisexual and trans women throughout civil society in order to carry out trainings, workshops and community organizing to demand human rights in Nicaragua.
Race & Equality and Caribe Afirmativo insist upon a thorough investigation of this crime, including investigation into the possibility that the crime was motivated by Ludwika and ANIT’s work in favor of human rights for trans women.
Impunity for attacks against trans women leads to further violence; Nicaraguan authorities must inform the community of the investigation’s findings and sanction the perpetrators to prevent such a cycle.
Statement of civil society organizations regarding the coming report about the situation in Nicaragua from the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
August 26th, 2019. As UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet prepares to present her report on Nicaragua on September 10th, in compliance with the March 21st Human Rights Council resolution “Promotion and protection of human rights in Nicaragua” (A/HRC/40/L.8), civil society organizations and human rights defenders wish to express our concerns regarding ongoing repression, harassment, and threats against those defending democracy, justice, and human rights in Nicaragua.
For the last 16 months, Nicaragua has suffered a human rights crisis provoked by brutal repression from state forces and pro-government armed groups seeking to quell massive country-wide protests.
According to data from the Interamerican Commission of Human Rights (IACHR) at least 328 people died, including 29 children and adolescents, and more than 2,000 were injured as a result of this violence. Thousands more were arrested arbitrarily, and hundreds were criminalized for exercising their right to protest. The majority of these political prisoners were released under the recent Amnesty Law, which was approved unilaterally by National Assembly members from the ruling FSLN party. However, the Amnesty Law perpetuates impunity by ruling out investigation into suspected crimes committed against protestors.
Furthermore, the government continues to repress the population by imprisoning citizens and violating the due processes to which they are entitled under Nicaraguan law. As a result, some 120 political prisoners remain incarcerated as of July 28th according to the the registry maintained by the Civic Alliance for Justice and Democracy.
The second attempt at dialogue between the Civic Alliance (made up of various opposition groups) and the government, which began in February this year, had achieved some formal agreements, but none of these agreements were honored or implemented by the government. After months of impasse caused by this non-compliance, the government made a unilateral decision to terminate negotiations on July 30th.
The facts on the ground make clear that there is no will among the Nicaraguan authorities to guarantee truth, justice, and reparation for the victims of repression and their families; nor are there guarantees that the government will return to good-faith dialogues that respect the previous agreements.
Given these facts, we recommend that the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights should:
Demand the immediate release of all prisoners arrested in relation to the protests beginning in April 2018 and of all those being charged for alleged common crimes in retaliation for their continued participation in civic demonstrations. Furthermore, to demand the full restoration of these released persons’ rights and liberties along with the closure of their cases, cancelation of their convictions, and reparation of their confiscated goods.
Urge the State of Nicaragua to cease the repression and persecution of young people, human rights defenders, student leaders, women, journalists, LGBTQ persons, and ex-prisoners who continue to be harassed and threatened with detention or prosecution. Furthermore, to demand respect for the rights of children and adolescents to safety and protection.
Demand that the State of Nicaragua disarm and dismantle pro-government armed groups that threaten and attack Nicaraguans.
Make use of all mechanisms within the Universal System of Human Rights to give special and urgent attention to the human rights of Nicaraguans currently seeking refuge in Costa Rica and other countries.
Demand that the State of Nicaragua respect the right to pursue human rights work, restore legal recognition to civil society organizations whose status was revoked (CENIDH, CISAS, CINCO, IEEPP, Hagamos Democracia, Popol Na, IPADE, ILLS, and Fundación del Río), and return these organizations’ confiscated property
Insist upon the return of confiscated property and the restoration of suspended licenses to news outlets 100% Noticias, Confidencial, and Esta Noche and insist that these outlets be allowed to carry out their work without any obstacles or retaliation.
Offer the OHCHR’s good offices for ensuring the return of human rights mechanisms (IACHR, OHCHR, GIEI) to Nicaragua. In this area, the work of the GIEI (Interdisciplinary Group of Independent Experts), including its proposal of creating a Special Prosecutor’s Office and an Integral Plan of Reparations for the victims, was very positive.
Request that Nicaragua revoke the Amnesty Law, which is contrary to the American Convention on Human Rights; make meaningful reforms to the national judicial system; and ratify the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
Demand that the State of Nicaragua immediately implement protection for indigenous and Afro-descendant people who are being harassed and killed in different regions of the country and underline that the State must urgently protect these communities from violent attacks and land invasions.
We also request that States’ permanent missions to the United Nations:
Call upon the Nicaraguan government to return to inclusive national dialogues that will end the ongoing repression and establish concrete terms for a democratic transition.
Insist that as part of these dialogues, the State of Nicaragua take up a sincere electoral reform process that will result in legislation guaranteeing free and fair elections scheduled for November 2021.
Firmly back the demands of the Nicaraguan people for truth, justice, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition.
Urge the State of Nicaragua to accept the recommendations resulting from the Universal Periodic Review process and to implement those recommendations classified as urgent, including the disarmament of paramilitary forces.
Finally, we call upon the United Nations Human Rights Council to:
Renew the mandate of the resolution “Promotion and protection of human rights in Nicaragua,” so that the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights can continue to monitor the human rights situation in the country.
Signed by:
NICARAGUAN ORGANIZATIONS
– Centro Nicaragüense de Derechos Humanos, CENIDH.
– Instituto para el Desarrollo y la Democracia, IPADE.
– Unión de Presos y Presas políticos de Nicaragua, UPPN.
– Centro por la Justicia y Derechos Humanos de la Costa Atlántica de Nicaragua, CEJUDHCAN.
– Fundación Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, FVBCH.
– Canal 100% Noticias
– Movimiento Autónomo de Mujeres, MAM.
– Articulación de Movimientos Sociales.
– Centro de Investigaciones de la Comunicación, CINCO.
– Centro de Información y Servicios de Asesoría en Salud, CISAS.
– Foro de Educación y Desarrollo Humano de la Iniciativa por Nicaragua.
– Iniciativa Nicaragüense de Defensoras, IN-Defensoras.
– Fundación Puntos de Encuentro.
– Red de Mujeres de Matagalpa.
– Red de Mujeres Contra la Violencia.
– Colectivo de Mujeres de Matagalpa.
– Feministas Madrid por Nicaragua.
– Asociación Colectivo de Mujeres 8 de Marzo.
– Movimiento de Jóvenes Feministas Las Malcriadas.
– Articulación Feminista de Nicaragua.
– Movimiento Feminista de Nicaragua.
– Programa Feminista La Corriente.
– Mujeral en Acción.
– Grupo Lésbico Feminista Artemisa.
– Fundación Coordinadora de ONG’s que trabajan por los derechos de la Niñez, CODENI.
– SOS Nicaragua UK.
– Morada Feminista Nicaragua UK.
– SOS Nicaragua- Sverige.
– Resistencia Civil Nicaraguense.
– Proyecto Lechuza.
– Popol Na.
– Movimiento por Nicaragua.
– Anides.
– Campaña 28 de septiembre por la Despenalización del Aborto – Punto focal Nicaragua.
LATIN AMERICAN ORGANIZATIONS
– Comité de América Latina y el Caribe para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos de las Mujeres.
– Iniciativa Mesoamericana de Mujeres Defensoras de Derechos Humanos, IM-Defensoras.
– Fundación Para el Debido Proceso, DPLF.
– Unidad de Protección a Defensoras y Defensores de Derechos Humanos -Guatemala, UDEFEGUA.
– Fondo de Acción Urgente – América Latina y el Caribe.
– Red Latinoamericana y del Caribe por la Democracia, REDLAD.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
– Institute about Race, Equality and Human Rights, Race&Equality.
– International Service for Human Rights, ISHR.
– International Network of Human Rights, RIDH.
– Just Associates, JASS.
– CIVICUS.
– Asociation France-Nicaragua.
– Freedom House.
SANKOFA: “Back to the past to resignify the present”: The reality of Black transgender and travesti women in Brazil
The SANKOFA Forum, which brought Afro-Brazilian, trans and travesti (a term used to describe a variety of feminine gender expressions) women together with the female public defenders of Brazil, was held from August 15-16 in Rio de Janeiro. The Forum was a space for exchange and dialogue about struggles and successes in the fight for racial and gender justice. “Sankofa”, an African word for a symbolic two-headed bird, was chosen as the name of the forum to capture its mission of looking “back to the past to resignify the present.”
The Forum was organized by the Transformar Institute, ANTRA, CEJIL, Criola, Núcleo de Direitos Humanos da Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Forum Justiça, Fórum Estadual de Mulheres Negras, Defensoria Pública and the Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights. Race and Equality also invited Commissioner Margarette May Macaulay, Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons of African Descent and against Racial Discrimination of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), to the event.
“The SANKOFA Forum is a space of (de)construction that was organized with the Office of the Public Defenders and with the support of Race and Equality, which made it possible to include various agencies and institutions, especially the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in the person of Commissioner Margarete May Macaulay. Your presence allows us not to feel helpless and to feel that we can collectively build a narrative that can cross territorial barriers and borders and bring to light the importance of international insertion and the struggle of people who have always been in resistance, ”said Bruna Benavides of the National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals (ANTRA, in Portuguese).
The forum drew on the voices and stories of activists, academics, human rights defenders, Quilombola communities and travesties, sex workers and trans people from two favelas in Brazil, who forcefully exposed the current situation of their human rights in light of the wave of violence that the country and especially these historically marginalized groups are facing.
“Giving access to justice must mean giving dignity to lives”
During the meeting days, the attendees discussed the existing possibilities for the full guarantee and exercise of their rights, highlighting that a constant state of racism, discrimination and extreme violence persists in Brazil. They also discussed that socially accepted “whitening” policies minimize the lives of black people and naturalize a state of white privilege in the country, making it impossible for the Afro-Brazilian and LGBTI community to participate in spaces of power. “Whites and cisgender people need to give space for Blacks and trans people to occupy the spaces of power,” said one activist.
“A state of exception has always existed in Brazil, because it has always been legitimate to kill black bodies and trans bodies,” Fatima Lima, a teacher of ethnic-racial studies.
During the Forum, Bruna Benavides from ANTRA officially submitted to Commissioner Macaulay the latest report on violence against the trans and travesti population in Brazil. This report shows a shocking number of murders, invisible in the national media, which continues to rank Brazil as the country with the most murders of trans people annually.
Regarding that report, Mariah Rafaela, a member of the Instituto Transformar e Conexão said: “There is a system that allows the death of trans and black people. The notion of justice must arise from the experience of people who have no minimum dignity to live. Giving access to justice must mean giving dignity to lives.”
On the other hand, Alessandra Ramos of the Transformar Institute raised the need to advance a resignification of what it means to be an Afro and “transgender” woman based on the experiences and representations of the people who inhabit these bodies. Furthermore, she expressed the need to overcome the characterizations of Afro and trans women that are assigned by white people, precisely because these women have historically been affected by the differentiated impacts of race and identity. She also warned that 38% of trans and travesti women in Brazil are estimated to live with HIV and that the group with the highest percentage of HIV-positive members is the trans community.
“Please, work with us!”: Margarette Macaulay, IACHR
During the Forum, Race and Equality facilitated private meetings between activists and Commissioner Macaulay. Carlos Quesada, the executive director of Race and Equality, and the organization’s Consultant for Brazilian LGBTI issues Isaac Porto also participated in these private meetings and heard first-hand about the violence that human rights activists are facing in the country’s most marginalized places.
Throughout the testimonies of the attendees, topics such as the mutilation of intersex children, the HIV situation among young people in Brazil, the increase in the murders of lesbian women and the difficulties of LGBTI people in accessing health, education, decent work and participation spaces were constantly referenced.
“I am not only black: I am a travesti, I am poor, I live in a favela. My activism began since I was born, because ever since then I have fought to survive,” said an Afro-Brazilian activist.
Commissioner Macaulay referred to the historical debt that the Brazilian State has to the Afro-descendant people victimized by slavery, a victimization that persists in today’s social structure due to the socio-racial hierarchies that prevent Afro-Brazilians from accessing and enjoying their rights. She also recalled the responsibility and obligations of the State as guarantor of people’s rights, regardless of their condition.
Addressing the civil society activists, Commissioner Macaulay pointed out the importance of submitting detailed accounts of cases of violence to the IACHR in order to illustrate the situation of human rights violations experienced by the Afro and LGBTI communities. She emphasized the importance of working together to overcome the serious rights crisis that Brazil is facing.
During the meeting spaces, Carlos Quesada reiterated his organization’s commitment to denouncing and documenting human rights violations, as well as the importance of technical strengthening of organizations to participate in international human rights spaces.
The SANKOFA forum is a space created to provoke dialogue between the Brazilian Public Defender’s Office and the black, trans and travesti women leaders of social movements and organizations. Its goals are to strengthen state institutions committed to the agenda of the country’s social movements, to expand the opportunities for training and articulation of leaders at the national level and finally, to serve as a resource to provide information to activists about international mechanisms for the protection of rights.
Statement: Race and Equality is committed to the accompaniment of social organizations in Brazil and their work documenting, denouncing and publicizing human rights violations within the Inter-American and Universal Systems, especially violations of the rights of Afro-Brazilian people and people with diverse sexual expressions and gender identities. Race and Equality recognizes that these people are victims of discrimination, marginalization and violence because of social structures that prevent the full enjoyment of their rights.