Os caça-níqueis com tema de dinheiro e recompensas continuam entre os favoritos dos jogadores brasileiros, e não é difícil entender o motivo: visuais chamativos, mecânicas simples e a promessa de multiplicadores generosos criam uma experiência divertida mesmo para quem está começando no mundo dos slots online.

O Сash mania segue essa linha, trazendo um layout colorido, símbolos clássicos de cassino e rodadas bônus que podem aumentar significativamente os ganhos durante a sessão de jogo. A jogabilidade é intuitiva, com controles simples de aposta e giro automático disponíveis para quem prefere um ritmo mais rápido.

A volatilidade do jogo tende a ser moderada, equilibrando ganhos frequentes de menor valor com a chance ocasional de rodadas bônus mais recompensadoras. Isso torna o slot acessível tanto para quem joga por diversão quanto para quem busca sessões mais longas com um saldo controlado.

Como em qualquer jogo de cassino online, é recomendável testar a versão demo antes de apostar dinheiro real, além de verificar se o cassino escolhido para jogar possui licença válida e processos de pagamento transparentes.

Race and Equality supports a Nicaraguan delegation to the United Nation in Geneva, Switzerland

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Race and Equality supports a Nicaraguan delegation to the United Nation in Geneva, Switzerland

June 2018 – The Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights (Race and Equality) supported a delegation of Nicaraguan human rights activists to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland  June 18-29 in order to raise awareness about the human rights situation  in Nicaragua before civil society representatives, governmental missions before the UN,  the UN System of Human Rights and the international community at large.   Among them,  Alexandra Salazar of the Network of Social Movements and Civil Society Organizations of Nicaragua, Oswaldo Montoya of the MenEngage Alliance, Ana Quirós of the Center for Health Information and Advisory Services (CISAS), and Anibal Toruño of Radio Darío.

Over the course of the two-week trip, the Nicaraguan activists met with important international actors, which included staff of the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (OHCHR), members of international civil society, and representatives of the Permanent Missions of member countries – many from the Latin-American region – to present their stories and offer insight on the response needed to the current political crisis, including the repressions face and the increase of attacks against civil society representatives, students, the elderly, and other peaceful protestors. Their testimonies also sought to encourage the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) to issue out a communication requesting that the Nicaraguan government put a stop to the violence and repression.

The activists participated in two press conferences before national and international media, which was broadcasted live through our social platforms. During the debates, the activists denounced the repression and violations of fundamental human rights at the hands of “paramilitary”, “Sandinista mobs”, and “Parapolice” groups.

Groups can be seen here: — https://goo.gl/NdRgtN

In addition, the delegation participated in the plenary of the 38thperiod of the Human Rights Council (HRC), and in two parallel events. The first one, “Human Rights in Nicaragua: State violence and repression”, organized by the International Human Rights Network and the MenEngage Alliance, featured close to fifty participants, including Commissioner Joel Hernandez of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR). The event discussed the causes of the civil unrest and the presentation of a report by Nicaragua’s Permanent Commission on Human Rights’ (CPDH). The event concluded by urging the international community to denounce the situation in Nicaragua and to pressure the national government to put an end to the repression.

The event was broadcasted live through our social channels. You can see a replay here (in Spanish) — https://goo.gl/NdRgtN

The second event was organized by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, to present the report: Grave violations of human rights in the context of social protests in Nicaragua. It was also broadcasted in our social platforms and can be seen here: https://goo.gl/mmuPQZ

Finally, the Nicaraguan  activists urged the international community to continue pressuring the Nicaraguan government to accept a visit of the UN Office of the High Commissioner to the country (that was later accepted); to publicly denounce government actions against its own citizens; and to request that the UN and its member states form an Independent Investigation Commission to review and sanction all crimes committed. (at the time of drafting this release there were more than 200 registered deaths associated with the conflict.)

SO THAT OUR VOICES ARE HEARD AND INCLUDED! Today We Commemorate the International Day for Afro-Latino, Afro-Caribbean, and Diaspora Women

July 25 marks the International Day for Afro-Latino, Afro-Caribbean, and Diaspora Women. The commemorative date was established in 1992 after a meeting in the Dominican Republic of more than 400 women from diverse Latin American countries, where they analyzed the consequences of racism and sexism in the region. The meeting also provided a space for attendees to articulate joint actions and remember historic struggles to combat these issues.

On this day we remember that the fight to bring down the humiliations caused by discrimination, poverty, and violence is ongoing. Participatory spaces are closed off because of racist and discriminatory logic against women and Afro-descendants which prevail. Women from the region continue to be the victims of a hostile war committed to condemn their voices and their chants, to violate their bodies, and take away their children.

It is important to remember that Afro-descendant women’s organizations have undertaken a lot of efforts to achieve recognition and participation in decision-making spaces. Because of this, we urge all states to promote affirmative actions in favor of including Afro-Latino, Afro-Caribbean, and Diaspora voices in spaces that will permit the promotion of effective public policies that guarantee rights and severely condemn all types of ethnic or racial discrimination.

Today we rise up in resistance for the women suffering the war and apathy in Nicaragua, for the harassment and repression against women in Colombia, especially those who are persecuted for leading life in the territories. We rise up for those women who are not recognized and who are discriminated against in Peru; for the violence and harassment against trans women in Brazil; for the voices of the women in Panama; for the recognition of the rights of all women in the region. We will continue fighting so that our voices are heard, included.

Colombia Still Living at War

July 6, 2018 – The Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights vehemently condemns the killing of eleven social leaders in Colombia this past week in the regions of Cauca, Chocó, Atlántico, Antioquía, and Tumaco. We strongly urge the national government and the international community to immediately speak out against the systematic extermination which has plagued the Colombian countryside in the aftermath of the signing of the Peace Accords on September 26, 2016, and which has incremented after the presidential elections this past June 17, 2018.

In the first three days of July, eleven social leaders have been killed, adding to the approximately 282 human rights defenders killed after the signing of the Peace Accords, based on a report from the Colombian Ombudsman’s Office. On July 3, seven bodies were found in the Argelia municipality of the Cauca region – a region which continues to be subjected to territorial disputes after the demobilization of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and which had shown favoritism for presidential candidate Gustavo Petro with 90% of the region’s votes in his favor. Also reported were the killings of Felicinda Santamaría, Afro-Colombian leader and President of the Board of Communal Action for Commune 2 in Quibdó, Chocó, and Luis Barrios Machado, a social leader from the Atlántico region. Similarly, news surfaced two days ago of the killings of Afro-Colombian leaders Margarita Estupiñan, in the village of Llorente in Tumaco, and Ana María Cortés in Antioquia, who worked as a campaign coordinator for Gustavo Petro in the region.

The systematic violence in Colombia has increasingly claimed the lives of various social leaders, who are victims of assassinations, threats and hostility as a result of their political work. The majority of the recent killings have been against Afro-Colombian women, indigenous and campesino men, and social groups who have been historically targeted by violence, and face poverty and inequality. “Peace has not yet reached our territories, and we (Afro-Colombians) are the ones who are dying. The Colombian countryside continues to be at war, the conflict has not ended, and, what’s worse, we are completely defenseless because the national government has not responded in any way, whatsoever. Our people are being killed constantly, and yet it would seem as though this isn’t noteworthy – it’s not important,” stressed Erlendy Cuero Bravo, Afro-Colombian leader who has been the recipient of threats and hostility for her work as Vice-President of the National Association of Displaced Afro-Colombians (AFRODES).

With great concern, we call on the national government of Colombia to carry out the appropriate investigations of the events as soon as possible, to reject the impunity of these killings and to grant protection measures to leaders who continue to be at risk. We also call on the international community in solidarity of this national emergency and urge the Colombian government to take the necessary measures to protect lives and put an end to the killings, which are systematically ending the lives of Afro-Colombian leaders. We demand special attention to the extermination, threats and intimidation that have plagued Afro-descendant, indigenous, and rural communities which have been historically marginalized, discriminated against, and subject to violence, poverty, and violations of their fundamental right to a dignified life. We denounce the ongoing threats against the lives of women who are human rights defenders and are victims in life-threatening conditions as a result of their efforts to be included in spaces for dialogue and participation. We remind the Colombian State of its basic obligations adopted in relation to the respect for and guarantee of rights under the subscribed international treaties, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the American Convention on Human Rights. As such, we encourage the national government to abide by these treaties, as well as to take into consideration the recommendations on human rights made to the State during the recent Universal Periodic Review, during which the international community at large issued a specific call to the Colombian State to protect the lives of human rights defenders, and to implement protection mechanisms to guarantee that their work is not criminalized.

Through our differences, we create a diverse society – International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia and Transphobia IDAHOTB.

On the occasion of the 2018 International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia, and Transphobia (IDAHOTB), the Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights along with our partner organizations and counterparts, calls for the end of all forms of discrimination, marginalization, and violence that affect LGBT persons in the Americas. We commit to construct a more pluralistic and accepting society based on alliances for solidarity.

Discrimination is bad for everyone. With tolerance for our differences, we create an accepting, representative, and just society. Achieving equality in laws and policies is the responsibility of States, but in order to achieve #ZeroDiscrimination, every individual must commit, take interest, and collectively create alliances for a greater and common good, because #TogetherWeAreStronger.

 

IMPUNITY IN NICARAGUA: Race and Equality denounces violent reprisals against peaceful protesters and human rights defenders in Nicaragua

Photograph taken by Nicaraguan news outlet La Prensa – WARNING:  Image contains explicit content and is not susceptible for all audiences.

 

The Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights (Race and Equality) vehemently denounces the unconscionable acts of aggression carried out by Orteguista mobs (“Turbas Orteguistas”) and the Sandinista Youth (Juventud Sandinista”) against civil society, members of the media, and human rights defenders who, on April 18, were peacefully protesting reforms implemented by the Nicaraguan Institute of Social Security (INSS).

Protesters gathered this past Wednesday, April 18 in Camino de Oriente and other points throughout the city of Managua, Nicaragua to demonstrate against reforms put in place by the INSS that would increase required contributions made by workers and employees and reduce pension benefits by 5%. Shortly after beginning their protest, they were met with violent resistance from government sympathizers deployed by the government on motorcycles as well as young pro-Sandinista groups (Juventud Sandinista – JS) who, armed with clubs and bats, lashed out against the protestors and attempted to silence the demonstration. They also stole personal belongings and injured people present in the streets.

Counter-riot police forces were also sent to the scene by the government but were unable to prevent the violence from impacting students, members of the press, and human rights defenders. Among those injured was Ana Quirós – Director of the Center for Information and Consulting Services on Health (CISAS), who suffered a severe wound to the head when she tried to protect another protester who was being beaten. “They beat me with a club as I was trying to defend a young woman who was being brutally attacked by roughly ten (10) people. They were kicking her while she was on the ground and beating her with chains and trying to take away her phone. When we came to help her, someone approached me and probably recognized me and is the one who beat me with a tube,” reported Ana Quirós as she received medical attention.

Similarly, students from various local universities including the Central-American University (UCA), American University (UAM), and the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua(UNAN) were assaulted by counter-protest groups for joining in the display against the INSS. Many commercial establishments also suffered damages as a result of the vandalism these groups committed while lashing out against protestors seeking shelter.

In response to the events, Central-American University (UCA) canceled classes yesterday and today and has issued public statements denouncing the attacks. Similarly, the U.S. Ambassador to Nicaragua, Laura F. Dogu, called for peace and respect for both demonstrators and the media through her Twitter account.

The criminal acts of yesterday and today perpetrated by the mobs have resulted in at least a dozen people injured, damage to property, and theft, according to the Nicaraguan news outlet LA PRENSA. Today (April 19), students across the city continue to carry out protests, despite the ongoing violence.

Race and Equality denounces these and all acts of violence and repression against social protests, and urgently calls upon the international community, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), and the UN Human Rights System to take necessary measures to protect the right to social protest without criminalization or threat to the life and well-being of those who exercise their rights. Similarly, we highlight the specific situation of violence and harassment that human rights leaders experience throughout the Americas, as these are clear violations to the right of life, security, and the full enjoyment of liberty.

 

For more information, please see links below (Spanish)

 

Cobertura de lo ocurrido ayer (abril 18)

https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2018/04/18/politica/2405622-en-vivo-protestas-contra-reformas-al-inss

El País: 8 heridos en protestas

https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/04/19/america/1524095967_183633.html

Suspenden Clases en la Universidad Centroamericana (Ellos aislaron a los manifestantes que buscaban refugio de la violencia anoche)

https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2018/04/19/nacionales/2406167-suspenden-clases-en-la-uca-luego-de-la-jornada-de-protestas

Embajadora de los EE. UU. en Nicaragua lanza un tweet sobre la violencia; pide calma y respeto a los derechos humanos

https://twitter.com/USAmbNicaragua/status/986810277101371393

Foto viral de Ana Quirós – directora del Centro de Información y Servicios de Asesoría en Saludo (CISAS)

https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1995330684067086&id=1380237905576370

Continúan las protestas en contra de la reforma impuesta por el INSS

https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2018/04/19/politica/2406201-en-vivo-protestas-contra-reformas-inss

Protestas por reformas al INSS dejan varios heridos en Managua

https://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/nacionales/461496-protestas-reformas-inss-dejan-varios-heridos-manag/

Represión en Nicaragua: grupos de choque del gobierno de Daniel Ortega golpearon a manifestantes y periodistas en una protesta contra la baja de las jubilaciones

https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2018/04/19/represion-en-nicaragua-grupos-de-choque-del-gobierno-de-daniel-ortega-golpearon-a-manifestantes-y-periodistas-en-una-protesta-contra-la-baja-de-las-jubilaciones/

Supporting the Visiblity of Afro-Panamanians in National Statistics

Washington, D.C., March 13, 2018. The Institute on Race, Equality, and Human Rights participated in a workshop on March 8-10, 2018 in Panama City, Panama; along with the Professor Mr. Carlos Viafara as well as Panamanian activists. Mr. Carlos Viafara is one of the few Afro-descendent academics in Latin America who studies the inclusion of ethnicity questions in the censuses of the region. He is known for his studies of official statistical data on Afro-descendent and indigenous populations in the Americas. Additionally, he has supported strengthening Afro-Colombian organizations in this area.

Mr. Viafara participated in the workshop on Friday, March 9, in the United Nations buildings in Cayton, along with the National Secretariat for the Development of Afro-Panamanians (SENADAP, for its initials in Spanish), headed by Ms. Urenna Best and the National Institute for Statistics and Census (INEC, for its initials in Spanish) represented by Mr. Roboan Gonzalez. The workshop was directed at members of the Afro-Panamanian Work Table and other Afro-Panamanian activists and was designed to continue promoting dialogue about the experience and best practices developed in Latin America on including ethnic questions in censuses and surveys. Activists were also able to state their concerns over the Panamanian Census process and have those concerns addressed. This was especially significant for members of the Work Table, who are responsible along with the INEC for designing the racial/ethnic self-identification question for Afro-descendants.

Mr. Viafora emphasized the need to design one or two questions that would allow the person being surveyed to identify themselves by terms describing cultural and phenotypical characteristics, such characteristics of the community they identify with most. This would ensure that self-recognition questions are understood by those being surveyed and reflect the reality of the country. Additionally, Mr. Viafora said that collecting official statistical data on Afro-descendants represents a significant contribution to the three pillars of the International Decade for Peoples of African Descent. This data is necessary to reduce social inequality because it is used by States when creating socio-economic policies. These policies must take into account accurate population numbers in order to have significant effects.

Mr. Roboan Gonazlez from the INEC gave an analysis of the history of the racial/ethnic self-identification questions and its results from the days of colonization until the present. He also presented a first look at a draft of the question and responses that will be included in surveys in March and August 2018. The draft question incorporated some of the changes demanded by the Work Table, such as the inclusion of Afro-descendent and “moreno” (brown skin) ethnic names and categories. The workshop participants took special note of this, given that it is a key element for educating communities and activists who may not have knowledge of this information.

Through this workshop, participants were informed of the Panamanian Government’s initiative to include the racial/ethnic question in administrative registries, including health and transit agencies as well as prisons. This is being done without coordinating with the INEC, according to Mr. Gonzalez.

Workshop participants presented their complaints to the INEC representative about the lack of availability of the post-census and post-survey results specific to the Afro-descendant population. This information should be open to the public and available on the INEC’s website.

Race and Equality will continue to support the participation of Afro-Panamanian organizations in the process of inter-institutional dialogue and education for the development of a survey that will allow for the accurate identification of the Afro-Panamanian population.

Empowering the Afro-Panamanian Population to Increase their Participation in the 2020 Census

Washington, D.C., February 2, 2018. On January 29, 2018, The Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights (Race and Equality) officially commenced a series of activities to support the work of Afro-Panamanian activists in their efforts to develop an adequate self-identification question and an effective participation during the entire census process, which is already underway for 2020.

With the help of the National Secretariat for Afro-Panamanian Progress (SENADAP, for its initials in Spanish) and the United States Embassy in Panama, Race and Equality carried out the first workshop in its project, called “Strengthening the Knowledge of Afro-Panamanian Activists, 2020 Census” in the United Nations facilities in Panama City, Panama. The workshop included the participation of Urenna Best, Director of SENADAP and Roboán Gonzalez, Coordinator of the 2020 Census from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC, for its initials in Spanish). The workshop also included international guests from Peru; Nancy Hidalgo, the Technical Director of Demographics and Social Indicators at National Institute for Statistics and Informatics (INEI, for its initials in Spanish) and Cecilia Ramirez from the Black Women’s Development Center (CEDEMUNEP, for its initials in Spanish). Additionally, Peter Hamm participated representing the United States Embassy, and our own Elvia Duque, Latin America Program Officer at Race and Equality, participated as well. The goal of this exercise was to empower members of the Technical Team of the 2020 Census to promote the importance of including a racial/ethnic self-identification question to improve their interlocutory work between government entities and their communities.

The activities carried out during the workshop allowed participants to gain a deeper understanding of the necessary organizational and technical aspects for the current census cycle to yield relevant information regarding the current situation of Afro-Panamanians; What is their population numbers, their characteristics, and what living conditions they currently face. This information will be crucial in developing and implementing public policies that address the situation of structural exclusion still plaguing the Afro-Panamanian community. Among the most noteworthy topics discussed were:

  • Past Census’ limitations in identifying Afro-Panamanians. Roboán Gonzalez of INEC highlighted the methodology that the Panamanian government used in the formation of the racial/ethnic self-identification question used in the 2010 Census, and the concepts used to generate official statistical data on the Afro-Panamanian population. Participating activists were able to note existing challenges that Afro-Panamanians faced in utilizing the previous census’ identification categories. Terms such as “colonial black” and “Antillean black” created confusion among the Afro-Panamanian population, which resulted in vast underrepresentation. “Afro-Panamanian” accounted for only 9% of the total population, a number very far from reality.
  • Lessons learned from the 2017 Peruvian Census. As part of a shared experience, representatives from INEI and CEDEMUNEP in Peru shared relevant insight about the recent 2017 Census in Peru, which included a racial/ethnic self-identification question for the first time. In analyzing the process, it was found that communities are more responsive to the use of common descriptors as opposed to those used by academics and professionals. Furthermore, they stressed that the census should not be seen as the work of just one day, but rather a broad process that needs the joint collaboration of government representatives and the Afro-descendant community. It’s crucial to guarantee visibility and thereby important to encourage the participation of Afro-Panamanian communities in spaces of dialogue with government representatives.
  • The Importance of strengthening Afro-Panamanian participation to improve upon the experience of the 2010 Census. SENADAP director Urenna Best urged those present to have a more active role within their communities and on the Census Technical Team to reflect the needs of the Afro-Panamanian population. To achieve this, the support given by international cooperation agencies is paramount.
  • Implications that the 2020 Census results will have in addressing Afro-Panamanians’ situation of structural exclusion. Elvia Duque of Race and Equality emphasized to the participants that censuses and the collection of official statistical data through an adequate self-identification question will be crucial to ensure the creation of public policies that reduce inequality. Adopting this perspective represents progress in the commitments and social demands adopted by States at the World Conference Against Racism in Durban 2001.

The activists who attended the workshop expressed the need to continue this type of training to continue strengthening their knowledge on the subject and enriching their discussions. Additionally, they affirmed that is it imperative to expand participation to include other Panamanian organizations and communities, particularly those with significant Afro-descendant presence, like Colón and Darién.

With the continued support of the US Embassy in Panama, Race and Equality will continue to carry out activities that will contribute towards the effective participation of Afro-Panamanians in the 2020 Census.

Interview with Margarette Macaulay: Rapporteur on the Rights of Afro-descendants

Commissioner Margarette May Macaulay is Rapporteur on the Rights of Afro-descendants at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.  She was formerly a Judge at the Inter-American Court (2007-2012.) As one of Race and Equality’s closest allies, she has met with Afro-descendant groups across the region and advocated in favor of the Inter-American Convention Against Racism, Racial Discrimination and Related Forms of Intolerance, which came into force last month for Costa Rica and Uruguay. 

In your opinion, why is the Convention coming into force at this specific point in time? 

This is an ideal time for it to come into force because the issue of racial discrimination is extremely alive in the region. Racism and racial discrimination have always existed but they are advancing at a greater pace rather than regressing. Since President Trump came to power there has been a galloping of hate speech and violence. Those who were quiet about their inherent racism and prejudice are now very open about it. 

Costa Rica and Uruguay are the first to ratify. Why do you think that is? 

Thank God for Costa Rica and Uruguay! If you look at their record, both countries tend to sign human rights instruments quite early. Also they most likely feel comfortable about moving forward and assisting in the recognition and advancement of Afro-descendants in the region. As the President of Costa Rica said at the Convention ratification ceremony, Afro-descendants played a great role in the development of the country through their sweat, their suffering, their blood and their death whilst they were under slavery. So it was about time this was recognized. 

The UN Convention came into force in 1969. Why has Latin America and the Caribbean dragged its feet? 

Because it was convenient. It is inconvenient for a State to say they haven’t given any recognition to the civic, social and political rights of Afro-descendants. It is more comfortable for the States to remain silent. But as Afro-descendants start realizing their rights, States have to recognize that they are here and they have to do something.  

Why is this Convention significant? Is the UN Convention not sufficient? 

The Inter-American Convention is very significant and absolutely necessary for the region. Clearly the UN Convention has not advanced the rights of Afro-descendants because the States are not implementing its provisions. It is also necessary for us to update the UN definition of racism and racial discrimination. 

This Convention is clearly a product of its time. Its language is very contemporary… 

The language used here is purposeful. Lost of people who are racist will deny it because they do not understand that they are in fact racist. The language used here is so clear. This is how all legal instruments dealing with rights or provisions should be written so that anyone who is literate can understand it. And the definitions have evolved over the years. People in the region often tell me ‘In this country we are invisible. We do not exist. We have nothing. We cannot do anything.’ 

What form does racial discrimination take in the region? 

It is present in education, health services, religion, in the lack of job opportunities, wage standards… Afro-descendants also suffer more violence in all its forms, including hate speech. In every way they are the lowest in the rank.  

The Convention even mentions cloning. Is that a real threat to Afrodescendants? 

Of course. The person lowest on the totem pole is most likely to be used. It is a matter of great concern. 

How do you feel personally about this Convention coming into force? What has been your own role with regards to developing this instrument? 

I am actually not Afro-descendant, I am African. I was born in West Africa. My husband and I emigrated to Jamaica from Sierra Leone. But I feel extremely committed to this cause. I have been working on women and children’s rights for over 40 years and I am sad that I did not work enough on this. I would love to see an advancement in the enjoyment of Afro-descendant rights before my service as Commissioner and Rapporteur comes to an end. I feel very strongly about it. My mother was a black African and I owe it to her. 

Is the ratification of the Convention likely to affect the type of cases brought to the IACHR? 

I hope it brings some cases. It is a means for States to solve problems and move towards respecting rights and dignity of Afro-descendants within their borders. But I will address your question in another way. My fear is that States will not ratify this too quickly. But I will try my darnedest because I think the States should have gotten over their reluctance to admit that there are people they are ignoring. The best way to deal with a problem like that is admit it and move on. But some States might also be afraid that a great number of petitions might flow from ratifying the Convention. But if you look at history, it took a long while for people to start bringing petitions to the system. If the States are afraid of petitions and don’t ratify for that reason, I think they would be wrong. That would be an excuse. 

What other challenges lay ahead? 

I’m interested to see how the States interpret the Committee that needs to be set up according to the Convention. Will they nominate someone independent and committed to the purpose of the Convention or a functionary?

Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention establish that political and legal systems must reflect the diversity of society and that access to justice must be equal. Can these ideals really be met here in the US and elsewhere? 

I don’t think they have been met in the US. How many indigenous people are there in Congress? How many blacks, Latinos? A small number. The United States have a more mixed face than elsewhere in the region but they are still progressing. Bolivia is an example of a largely indigenous political representation. Brazil was for a little bit. But let’s not forget it is not just about race. Diversity is race and gender. We have to make up a diverse face of the political institutions. I hope I’ll be alive when this happens in every country in the region. It is going to take a long while. That is why the Inter-American Convention against Racism and the Inter-American Convention against all forms of Discrimination are very important for the region.  

What are your recommendations for civil society? 

You must lobby your states to ratify the Convention against Racism as well as the one on Discrimination, which has no ratifications yet. Everybody is affected by discrimination in region one way or the other, leaving aside race and ethnicity, on the basis of your class, lower form of education… This is what will protect against general and multiple forms of discrimination every day. But racism has to stop first. 

Check out the expert discussion on the Inter-American Convention against Racism held at the IACHR. 

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The Inter-American Convention against Racism: A dialogue with experts

The murder of Afro-Colombian leaders, racial discrimination in the United States, the struggle of the Garifuna people in Honduras and the threat of extinction of the Gullah culture were some of the topics that emerged from a dialogue promoted by Race and Equality, focusing on the challenges and opportunities presented by the Inter-American Convention against Racism, Racial Discrimination and Related Intolerance and its entry into force this past November. The event was organized at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) headquarters in Washington, D.C., as part of a forum sponsored by the Commission and the Inter-American Court. 

The Convention has been effective for the two ratifying States, Costa Rica and Uruguay, since November 11. Representatives of these two States before the Organization of American States (OAS) joined members of civil society in a panel for the event this past Tuesday.  

Among those was Erlendy Cuero Bravo of AFRODES, a distinguished organization that advocates for the rights of displaced Afro-Colombians as a result of the armed conflict. As Vice-President of the organization, Ms Cuero Bravo denounced the lack of quality education afforded to young Afro-Colombians, which often results in an increased exposure to addictive substances and, more importantly, to the loss of identity. “Our youth is ashamed of being Afro”, she said. 

In addition, Ms. Cuero Bravo condemned the killings and continued persecution of Afro-Colombian community leaders. Erlendy herself is the recipient of protection measures from the Colombian government since last August after these were ordered by the IACHR eight months earlier.  Despite this, her safety and that of many other leaders has not been ensured. Erlendy’s brother Bernardo was assassinated in June. 

A representative of the mission of Colombia to the OAS attending the event assured that her country has the intention of ratifying the new Convention.  

Another member of civil society participating in the panel was ONECA/CABO founder Mirtha Colón. The Central American Black Organization (CABO) advocates for the rights of Afro-descendant populations in Central America, from Guatemala to Panama, and includes those residing in the United States. Ms. Colón denounced the lack of commitment to defending the Garifuna communities in Honduras, citing as an example the closing of the Secretariat of Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples. 

As moderator of the event, Margarette May Macaulay, the IACHR Rapporteur on the Rights of Afro-descendants, added to the conversation affirming that some States ignore and even deny the existence of Afro-descendant citizens in their countries.  

From there, the conversation discussed the crucial role that national censuses play in providing accurate information for the development of affirmative public policies. Chile and the Dominican Republic are the only countries in the entire region that do not include a racial variable in their censuses.  

This invisibility has even been reflected in the identity of the region as a whole, argued Doudou Diene, a former United Nations Special Rapporteur. In emphasizing the importance that the region reflect its Amerindian and Afro-descendant origins, it will begin to revert the problem of racism that has affected it since colonial times. “By saying Latin America, we give the region the identity of its conquerors,” said Diene. 

The dialogue that followed the panel included additional key talking points. A representative from Venezuela Diversa highlighted the double discrimination suffered by Black LGBTI people in his country. Carlos Quesada, Executive Director of Race and Equality, took the opportunity to announce the recent launch of the Network of Afro-descendant LGBTI of the Americas 

But discrimination can exist even in the halls of those very institutions fighting for human rights. In this sense, Commissioner Macaulay made a call for greater racial diversity among the members of the Commission and the Court. “I don’t remember ever seeing an indigenous member in these Institutions for Human Rights”, said the Commissioner, with her usual sense of irony. 

The representative for Uruguay closed by warning that, since the approval of the text of the Convention against Racism by the OAS General Assembly in 2013, only two countries have ratified it to date. Faced with a global outlook which is currently unfavorable to the recognition of the rights of Afro-descendants, adopting the Convention’s legislation will depend on political will. 

As Commissioner Macaulay put it: “The Convention is in full force. Now, we need to work on getting more ratifications”. 


About The Author

Milli Legrain is a communications consultant for Race and Equality.

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In the Dominican Republic statelessness still exists

Four years have passed since the Constitutional Court of the Dominican Republic enacted the ill-fated Judgment 168/13, which rendered Dominicans born of foreign parents from 1929-2007 stateless. 

Many speak of the decision as a “Civil Death”, but the deceased – when buried – carry a tombstone with their name.  

Their remains at least are recognized and left in peace, out of respect. 

Not so for the many Dominican-born people of Haitian descent, who – by virtue of Jus Solis (citizenship by birthright) should have their Dominican nationality recognized. But they continue to live without a legal identity.  

Law 169/14 Came Up Short 

On May 23, 2014, President Danilo Medina issued Law 169/14 in an attempt to resolve the situation of statelessness created a year earlier, by Judgment 168/13. However, the law has not had the intended effect, as the rights of the population targeted by the legislation have not been fully restored. Statelessness continues to affect thousands of Dominicans of Haitian descent. Despite all efforts by civil society to promote its implementation, Law 169/14 just came up short for us. 

Dual Identities 

Many believe that the Central Electoral Board has resolved the issue by reducing the number of stateless people. But they are unaware that most of the children of Haitian immigrants included on civil registries up until 2007 (known as “Group A”), have had their identities changed in the “transcription” process to new registration books. All this done in silence, without their knowledge, and affecting thousands.  

In a country where your birth certificate is used for everything: from registering for college to requesting a passport and seeking employment, people without it are left marginalized, segregated, reduced, and effectively invisible. 

False Expectations 

Law 169/14 was offered as a viable solution. We knew it was not, but we had hoped everything would work out, at least for the people who weren’t enrolled in the civil registry, known as “Group B”.  

However, those few that registered under the law do not yet have a defined identity. They cannot make use of their rights to health, employment, higher education, marriage, or to even declare their children as their own. The problem has only gotten worse. Law 169/14 has come up short for us Dominico-Hatians. It has not been effective. 

Learn about Mosctha´s work 

Learn about Race and Equality´s work in the Dominican Republic. 


About The Author

María Bizenny Martínez is a human rights defender at MOSCTHA. Her focus is on Dominicans of Haitian descent and afrodescendants.

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